Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans:
 Salmonella
 spp.,
 Shigella
 spp. and
 Escherichia coli
 isolated from
 Rattus
 species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa

Ramatla, Tsepo; Mphuthi, Nthabiseng; Ramaili, Taole; Taioe, Moeti O.; Thekisoe, Oriel; Syakalima, Michelo

doi:10.36303/jsava.83

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this study, the eaeA gene was detected in 9.4% of the E. coli isolates. The study conducted by Ercoli et al [ 39 ] in Italy reported a high prevalence of this gene (50%) in swine fecal samples, in South Africa Ramatla et al [ 40 ], reported a high prevalence of this gene (14%) in Rattus species fecal samples. Variations in detection and isolation methods of STEC strains may also contribute to differences in prevalence rates [ 39 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats

Ramatla,

Tutubala,

Motlhaping

et al. 2024

Mol Biol Rep

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Background The Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have become important global public health concerns. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profile, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in sheep and goat faeces. Methods and results A total of 53 E. coli isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the uidA [β-D glucuronidase] gene. The Shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2, as well as bfpA, vir, eaeA, lt and aafII virulence genes, were detected in this study. Of the 53 isolates confirmed to be STEC, 100% were positive for stx2 and 47.2% for stx1. Three isolates possessed a combination of stx1 + stx2 + eaeA, while four isolates harboured stx1 + stx2 + vir virulence genes. The isolates displayed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against erythromycin (66.04%), colistin sulphate (43.4%), chloramphenicol (9.4%) and ciprofloxacin (1.9%). A total of 28.8% of the strains were phenotypically considered ESBL producers and contained the beta-lactamase blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-25 gene groups. A larger proportion of the E. coli strains (86.8%) contained the antibiotic sulphonamide resistant (sulII) gene, while 62.3%, 62.3%, 52.8%, 43.4%, 41.5%, 20.8%, 18.9%, 11.3%, 11.3%, 9.4%, 9.4% and 5.7% possessed mcr-4, floR, mcr-1, tet(A), sulI, tet(O), tet(W), parC, mcr-2, ampC 5, qnrS and ermB genes, respectively. Thirteen isolates of the ESBL-producing E. coli were considered multi-drug resistant (MDR). One Shiga toxin (stx2) and two beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-9 and blaCTX-M-25 groups) were present in 16 isolates. In conclusion, the E. coli isolates from the small stock in this study contained a large array of high antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of sheep and goats as sources of virulence genes and MDR E. coli. From a public health and veterinary medicine perspective, the characterization of ESBL producers originating from small livestock (sheep and goats) is crucial due to their close contact with humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats

Ramatla,

Tutubala,

Motlhaping

et al. 2024

Mol Biol Rep

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“…or EIEC was identified in New York City, USA, for which species was also not differentiated (note that the specific bacterial species was not identified as most PCR assays cannot differentiate between these two organisms) [ 6 ]. Other studies in Tehran, Iran [ 7 ] and at chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa [ 8 ] identified a 1% and 3% prevalence of Shigella spp. in rats, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rats are not widely considered a source of Shigella spp. for people; however, Shigella spp./ enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were previously detected in rat feces from New York, USA [6], Tehran, Iran [7], and North West Province, South Africa [8]. These studies were conducted in the absence of a human outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of multiple human enteropathogens in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from an under-resourced neighborhood of Vancouver, British Columbia

Lee,

Himsworth,

Byers

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) can carry various human pathogens, and may be involved in pathogen propagation and transmission to humans. From January 31–August 14, 2021, a community outbreak of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a occurred among unhoused or poorly housed people in the Downtown Eastside neighborhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The source could not be identified; however, patients reported contact with rats, and previous studies indicated transmission of rat-associated zoonotic pathogens among the unhoused or poorly housed residents of this neighborhood. The study objective was to determine if rats trapped in the outbreak area were carriers of Shigella spp. and other zoonotic enteric pathogens. From March 23–April 9, 2021, 22 rats were lethally trapped within the outbreak area. Colonic content was analyzed using the BioFire Filmarray Gastrointestinal (multiplex PCR) panel for human enteropathogens, which detected: Campylobacter spp. (9/22), Clostridioides difficile (3/22), Yersinia enterocolitica (5/22), Cryptosporidium spp. (8/22), Giardia duodenalis (5/22), Rotavirus A (1/22), enteroaggressive Escherichia coli (2/22), enteropathogenic E. coli (10/22), and Shigella spp. or enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (3/22). An ipaH PCR assay was used for targeted detection of Shigella spp./EIEC, with five rats positive. Two samples contained insertion sites unique to S. flexneri isolated from the human outbreak. This study highlights the potential for rats to carry a broad range of human pathogens, and their possible role in pathogen maintenance and/or transmission.

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“…E. coli , Vibrio cholerae and Shigella spp. have demonstrated unfavorable trends in the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in the African region to almost all widely available antibiotics [18] – [20] . Despite the high volume of antibiotics used in South Africa, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the relevant ARGs with regard to humans, animals, and the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramatla¹,

Tawana²,

Lekota³

et al. 2023

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the prevalence of <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in animals, humans, and the environment in South Africa. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search and use literature published between 1 January 2000 to 12 December 2021, on the prevalence of South African <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates' ARGs. Articles were downloaded from African Journals Online, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the antibiotic-resistant genes of <italic>E. coli</italic> in animals, humans, and the environment. Out of 10764 published articles, only 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The obtained results indicated that the pooled prevalence estimates (PPE) of <italic>E</italic>. <italic>coli</italic> ARGs was 36.3%, 34.4%, 32.9%, and 28.8% for <italic>blaTEM-M-1</italic>, <italic>amp</italic>C, <italic>tet</italic>A, and <italic>bla</italic>TEM, respectively. Eight ARGs (<italic>blaCTX-M</italic>, <italic>blaCTX-M-1</italic>, <italic>blaTEM</italic>, <italic>tet</italic>A, <italic>tet</italic>B, <italic>sul</italic>1, <italic>sul</italic>II, and <italic>aad</italic>A) were detected in humans, animals and the environmental samples. Human <italic>E. coli</italic> isolate samples harboured 38% of the ARGs. Analyzed data from this study highlights the occurrence of ARGs in <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates from animals, humans, and environmental samples in South Africa. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a comprehensive “One Health” strategy to assess antibiotics use in order to understand the causes and dynamics of antibiotic resistance development, as such information will enable the formulation of intervention strategies to stop the spread of ARGs in the future. </abstract>

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Molecular detection of zoonotic pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans: Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from Rattus species inhabiting chicken farms in North West Province, South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats

Molecular detection of Shiga toxin and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep and goats

Detection of multiple human enteropathogens in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from an under-resourced neighborhood of Vancouver, British Columbia

Antimicrobial resistance genes of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, a bacterium of “One Health” importance in South Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

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