Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rock pigeons (Columba livia) in Punjab, Pakistan

Tayyub, Muhammad; Ali, Shahzad; Javid, Arshad; Imran, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s00436-022-07494-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, since a different company produced each ELISA and LAT test, it was challenging to evaluate and confirm each assay's specificities and sensitivities. Except for a few recent studies, further PCR validation of the data was not done ( 75 , 77 , 95 , 100 ). Because of differences in the experimental design and the commercial kits utilized, some of the results are thus disputed.…”

Section: Comparison Of Serological Techniques For T Gondii ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022

Qamar

Alsayeqh

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Third-world countries have a higher prevalence of food-related disorders than developed nations. Millions of people in underdeveloped countries are seriously at risk from the potential water supply contamination with protozoan diseases. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important protozoans causing diseases in livestock and humans. Despite the standard tests for diagnosing this parasite and different treatment methods, the spread of these parasites is uncontrollable and rising every year due to other management disorders. In this review, we summarize etiopathogenesis and prevalence in Pakistan. We looked for papers reporting the seroprevalence of T. gondii in people and animals between 2000 and 2022 in different databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in Pakistan's domestic animals (sheep and goats, horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, and buffaloes), domestic pets (cats and dogs), poultry and rodents, and humans were gathered. According to the findings, sheep had an estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii that varied from 11.20 to 26.50 %, and goats from 24.50 to 38.40%. Whereas in buffalo the opposite trend was followed, and the prevalence was observed is 0% in 2022, in horses, donkeys, and mules, only one study was reported according to which a high prevalence was observed in mules (28.60%) followed by donkeys (23.50%) and horses (23.50%), in cats 38.5% prevalence was observed in a recent study and in dogs 28.43% observed, and in humans from 22 to 60%. Human beings are found to be the most affected species showing high prevalence among all. According to our findings, animals and pets not only serve as a reservoir for the parasite but also serve as a direct route for human infection with T. gondii. The diagnostic techniques used in the observed studies were mostly serological testing whereas only a few studies have only been observed with molecular testing. To know the exact pattern of the disease for its control, the trend of molecular and advanced testing should be adopted as it is more reliable. Moreover, to decrease the transmission chances of T. gondii to humans, it is crucial to manage T. gondii infections in non-human species.

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Section: Comparison Of Serological Techniques For T Gondii ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022

Qamar

Alsayeqh

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Birds can get this infection mainly by ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts [10]. While a few studies have investigated the prevalence of T. gondii in Pakistan [19], there is a significant lack of information regarding Plasmodium spp. in Pakistani birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence, phylogeny and hematological impact of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. in common quails from Punjab, Pakistan

Ahmad,

Masud,

Naeem

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This study investigates the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics of two prominent blood-borne pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Plasmodium spp., in common quails (Coturnix coturnix) sampled from both wild (N = 236) and farmed (N = 197) populations across four districts (Layyah, Dera Ghazi Khan, Lahore, and Multan) in Punjab, Pakistan, during the hunting seasons from 2021 to 2023. Additionally, the impact of these pathogens on the complete blood count (CBC) of the hosts is examined. Out of 433 quails tested, 25 (5.8%) exhibited amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) gene for T. gondii, while 15 (3.5%) showed amplification of the Cytochrome b gene for Plasmodium spp. A risk factor analysis indicated that the prevalence of both pathogens was not confined to specific sampling sites or bird sexes (P > 0.05). District-wise analysis highlighted that hens were more susceptible to both T. gondii and Plasmodium spp. infections than cocks. Wild quails exhibited a higher susceptibility to T. gondii compared to farmed birds. Significant CBC variations were recorded in infected birds as compared to uninfected ones. BLAST analysis of generated sequences has confirmed the identity of recovered PCR amplicons as T. gondii and Plasmodium relictum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pakistani isolates clustered with those reported from various countries globally. This study provides the first documentation of T. gondii and Plasmodium sp. infections in Pakistani quails, underscoring the need for detailed investigations across different regions to enhance our understanding of infection rates and the zoonotic potential of these parasites.

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“…caninum has advances life cycle in which sexual cycle occurs exclusively in canids that are identified as definitive hosts of the protozoa including domestic and wild dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) (Basso et al 2001, coyotes (Dubey et al 2014, Gharekhani et al 2022, gray wolves and Dingoes (Gondim 2006, King et al 2011). However, a wide range of warm-blooded animals such as cattle (Dubey et al 2014, Manca et al 2022), sheep (Al-Shaeli et al 2020, buffaloes (Rodrigues et al 2022), horses (Mazuz et al 2020), goats (Costa et al 2018), donkeys (Cong et al 2018, Rahmani et al 2022, camels (Ahmed et al 2017, Gharekhani et al 2020, rodents (Japa et al 2018), cats (Sedlák et al 2014) and birds (Tayyub et al 2022) are considered as the intermediate hosts of N. caninum. Various stages of the parasite such as tachyzoite, tissue cyst, and oocyst can persist in ruminants in farms and herds for years (Dubey 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Neospora caninum as an etiologic agent of animal abortion in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Mohammed,

Tavassoli,

Sidiq

et al. 2023

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Neospora caninum (N. caninum) is the etiologic agent of neosporosis, a potential cause of severe reproductive disorders in cattle, small ruminants, equines, wild animals and canids across the world. The current study is performed to estimate molecular prevalence of N. caninum in small ruminants and equines that had abortion in Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of 64 tissue samples (brain, placenta, heart, lung and liver) were taken from aborted foetuses, with a total of 122 dam blood samples taken from 63 sheep, 39 goats, 12 mares and 8 jennies in local breed fields. Besides, a risk factor analysis for N. caninum positive animals was performed. The observed prevalence of N. caninum DNA in the blood of sheep, goats, horses and donkeys were 20.6%, 17.9%, 21.4% and 25.0%, respectively, and 19.3%, 17.6%, 18.1 and 20.0% in the aborted foetuses of the animals, respectively. Moreover, occurrence of N. caninum was 20.3% in the blood of aborted dams, while it was 18.7% in their aborted foetuses. Confirmatory analysis was also done through constructing a phylogenetic tree to compare the partial sequences of the Nc-5 gene in our isolates (OP771519, OP771520, OP771521 and OP771522) with the GenBank sequences. This showed 98-100% sequence identity with other N. caninum strains in the GenBank database. Older small ruminants and equines had a higher risk of being positive for N. caninum and exposure to dogs were considered as significant risk factors for N. caninum infection in the studied animals (p<0.05). Thus, the results of this study suggest that N. caninum is one of the microbial abortive agents in small ruminants and equines in Kurdistan region of Iraq. It is hoped that the results of this study will help to control animal abortion in livestock and reduce the economic losses.

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rock pigeons (Columba livia) in Punjab, Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022

Molecular prevalence, phylogeny and hematological impact of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. in common quails from Punjab, Pakistan

Prevalence of Neospora caninum as an etiologic agent of animal abortion in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

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