Molecular Detection of Serine Carbapenemase Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Patients in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq

Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating the spread of serine carbapenemase-producing isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from some hospitals and specialized health centers in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. Using morphological and molecular methods, 630 clinical samples (244 burn swabs, 163 sputa, 115 urine samples, and 108 ear swabs) were tested. The current work also explored the carbapenemase production ability of the carbapenemresistant (CR) isolates using morphological and molecular methods. A monoplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) technique targeting 4 different serine carbapenemase (SCMs) coding genes was followed. The study also explored the nucleotide sequences of the SCM genes. The API 20 E and Vitek 2 system showed that 100 of the isolates belonged to P. aeruginosa. With different severity of resistance by percentages of isolates to various antibiotics, only 24% of the isolates displayed resistance against carbapenem. The results of the SCM-related MPCR showed the occurrence of the bla GES , bla sMe , bla KPC , and bla OXA-48 genes in 20 (83.3%), 19 (79.1%), 11 (45.8%), 18 (75%), respectively, of the isolates. The phylogenetic study analysis revealed high, 99%, identity with NCBI-related world strains. According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Iraq that detects a group of encoding genes of serine carbapenemase in carbapenem-resistant isolates.

Study of pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…In contrary, the current study agreed with [24] with 92%. In the current study, Aztreonam reported 31.25% resistant which is close to the values recorded by [23] which was 36.46%, but not corresponded with [25,20,22,24] which were 26%, 50.61%, 86.7%, and 80%, respectively.…”

“…Ceftazidime (3 rd generation cephalosporins) revealed 100% resistance in all 32 isolates which consistent with [17,18] which was 91.2% and 90%, respectively. In contrast, the high resistance rate and did not correspond with 29% and 23.45% found by [19] and [20], respectively. The isolates were totally resistant to ceftriaxone (100%).…”

Resistance to bacterial infection, complication occurring after cardiac surgery

“…Recently, Iraqi hospitals showed a dramatic variation in the resistance pattern of gram-negative to carbapenems this investigated by researchers in a studied hospital in Wasit ( 16). (34.95%) in Al-Diwaniyah hospitals (17). Another study showed the occurrence of 40% in a studied hospital in Babylon, Iraq (18).…”

Antibiogram of Klebsiella pneumoniae that isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Al-Diwaniyah hospitals

“…are highly productive of these enzymes (16). Various previous Iraqi studies in Al-Diwaniyah province documented the multiple resistance and enzyme production of antibacterial agents in Gram-negative bacilli (6,7,5,2,3,25). As for Carbapenem antibiotics, which spread rapidly through the outer membrane of most gram-negative bacteria, the isolates showed resistance to Imipenem by 41.42%, and this result agreed with the findings of the study of the researchers (20).…”