Molecular Detection of<i>Theileria</i>Spp. and<i>Babesia</i>Spp. in Sheep and Ixodid Ticks from the Northeast of Iran

Razmi, Gholam Reza; Pourhosseini, Moslem; Yaghfouri, Saeed; Rashidi, Ahmad; Seidabadi, Mohsen

doi:10.1645/ge-3202.1

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…ovis was reported from Southern Europe, former Soviet States, Northern Africa, Middle East and Asia (30)(31). In our study, B. ovis was more prevalent (3.6%) than B. motasi (1.4%) among small ruminants in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces that is in concordance with other parts in Iran (31)(32)(33)(34). It causes anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria in sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular identification of ovine Babesia spp. in north of Iran

et al. 2013

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Background: Babesia is a blood-tissue parasite, which is transmitted by hard ticks from Ixodidae family. The parasite is the cause of babesiosis among small ruminants, cattle, human, dogs and other animals. Babesia is one of the main fatal factors among livestock in endemic regions such as Iran. The aim of this study was to identify Babesia spp infection using microscopic and molecular methods among small ruminants in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, northern Iran, during 2011-2012. Materials and Methods:In this study, a total of 220 sheep and goats were selected from 22 flocks in different regions of these provinces and blood samples were taken from their ears. The samples were transferred to the laboratory. Then thick and thin smears were prepared, stained with Geimsa and examined under light microscope. Standard PCR and semi nested-PCR was performed to differentiate genus of Theileria and Babesia, also identify the species of Babesia. Results: From a total of 220 blood samples (160 sheep and 60 goats), 34 cases (15.4 %) showed Babesia infection using microscopic examination. Whereas, 11 cases (5%) were found positive for Babesia spp using standard PCR. Also, two positive cases were showed mixed infection with Theileria spp. In addition, two microscopic negative samples were positive by PCR assay.Using semi nested-PCR, Babesia ovis (n=10) and B. motasi (n=1) were detected. Conclusion: Our results shows ovine babesiosis is common in the Northern provinces of Iran. Moreover, Babesia ovis is the main causative agent of ovine babesiosis in northern Iran. The relatively high prevalence of Babesia infection in sheep and goats indicates the epizootic stability status of babesiosis in the northern part of Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular identification of ovine Babesia spp. in north of Iran

et al. 2013

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“…such as H. parva , H. sulcata and H. punctata have been detected in various regions of Turkey [44]. Theileria lestoquardi , the cause of malignant theileriosis, has never been documented in Turkey, which is surprising since it has been detected in the neighbouring countries of Iran [45] and Iraq [29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB

et al. 2017

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BackgroundTick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs), caused by Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, are common in regions of the world where the distributions of host, pathogen and vector overlap. Many of these diseases threaten livestock production and some also represent a concern to human public health. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens in a large number of blood samples (n = 1979) collected from sheep (n = 1727) and goats (n = 252) in Turkey. A secondary aim was to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of a number of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and the reverse line blotting (RLB) assay. DNA samples were screened using species-specific PCR for the presence of Theileria ovis, Theileria sp. MK, T. lestoquardi, T. uilenbergi, T. luwenshuni, Babesia ovis, Anaplasma ovis and A. phagocytophilum while RLB was undertaken to test for the presence of all known Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species. The diagnostic sensitivity of these two approaches was then compared in terms of their ability to detect single species and mixed infections.ResultsOverall, 84 and 74.43% of the small ruminants sampled were identified as hosting one or more pathogen(s) by species-specific PCR and RLB respectively. The presence of Theileria sp. OT1, T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi in Turkey was revealed for the first time while the presence of Babesia motasi, B. crassa and T. separata in Turkish small ruminants was confirmed using molecular methods. A high prevalence of mixed infection was evident, with PCR and RLB approaches indicating that 52.24 and 35.42% of animals were co-infected with multiple species, respectively. More than 80% of the mixed infections contained T. ovis and/or A. ovis. The RLB approach was found to be capable of detecting mixed infections with species such as Theileria sp. OT1, Theileria sp. OT3, T. separata, B. crassa and Babesia spp.ConclusionThe results indicated that pathogens causing TBHDs are highly prevalent in sheep and goats in Turkey. The diagnostic sensitivity of species-specific single PCR was generally higher than that of RLB. However, the latter approach was still capable of identifying a high proportion of individuals containing mixed-species infections. The use of species-specific single PCR is recommended to accurately estimate pathogen prevalence and to identify co-infected hosts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…lestoquardi is transmitted by Hyalomma anatolicum ticks [4] and possibly other Hyalomma spp. [5, 6] and, as with most vector-borne diseases, control of transmission is challenging [7]. In addition, current disease control methods are limited to treatment with a theilericidal compound, buparvaquone [8, 9], and in some countries, vaccination with attenuated parasitized cell lines [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Theileria lestoquardi Antigens Recognized by CD8+ T Cells

et al. 2016

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As part of an international effort to develop vaccines for Theileria lestoquardi, we undertook a limited screen to test T. lestoquardi orthologues of antigens recognised by CD8+ T lymphocyte responses against T. annulata and T. parva in cattle. Five MHC defined sheep were immunized by live T. lestoquardi infection and their CD8+ T lymphocyte responses determined. Thirteen T. lestoquardi orthologues of T. parva and T. annulata genes, previously shown to be targets of CD8+ T lymphocyte responses of immune cattle, were expressed in autologous fibroblasts and screened for T cell recognition using an IFNγ assay. Genes encoding T. lestoquardi antigens Tl8 (putative cysteine proteinase, 349 aa) or Tl9 (hypothetical secreted protein, 293 aa) were recognise by T cells from one animal that displayed a unique MHC class I genotype. Antigenic 9-mer peptide epitopes of Tl8 and Tl9 were identified through peptide scans using CD8+ T cells from the responding animal. These experiments identify the first T. lestoquardi antigens recognised by CD8+ T cell responses linked to specific MHC class I alleles.

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Molecular Detection ofTheileriaSpp. andBabesiaSpp. in Sheep and Ixodid Ticks from the Northeast of Iran

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular identification of ovine Babesia spp. in north of Iran

Molecular identification of ovine Babesia spp. in north of Iran

Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB

Identification of Theileria lestoquardi Antigens Recognized by CD8+ T Cells

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