Molecular detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in face flies (Musca autumnalis) collected during a strangles outbreak on a Thoroughbred farm

Pusterla, Nicola; Bowers, J. B.; Barnum, Samantha; Hall, Jeff

doi:10.1111/mve.12394

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In reports concerning Anaplasma sp., BPV, Borrelia sp., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, S. equi., Thelazia skrjabini and Theileria equi, the detection of pathogen DNA in the vector or oocysts on the vectors' surface have been studied but transmission events have not been proven as the equids at the same location were not tested or no viable infectious agents were detected [61,62,73,78,79,[82][83][84]. BPV1/2 vector transmission by Brachycera has not been shown as no virions were detected in flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies concerning possible transmission of Streptococcus equi via M. autumnalis as well as the proof of transmission of C. pseudotuberculosis by Muscidae should increase awareness of the need for adequate isolation [36,73]. Isolation barns of infected patients in hospitals and in other facilities should include isolation from possible vectors including Brachycera in order to decrease the risk of possible transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…equi infection. The authors suggest instituting proper husbandry measures, biosecurity protocols and fly control as flies pose a potential risk of transmission [73].…”

Section: Role Of Muscidae In Transmission Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review

Fuehrer

Cavalleri

2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In equine stables and their surroundings, a large number of insects are present that can be a nuisance to their equine hosts. Previous studies about dipterans transmitting infectious agents to Equidae have largely focused on Nematocera. For the preparation of this systematic review, the existing literature (until February 2022) was systematically screened for various infectious agents transmitted to Equidae via insects of the suborder Brachycera, including Tabanidae, Muscidae, Glossinidae and Hippoboscidae, acting as pests or potential vectors. The PRISMA statement 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The two concepts, Brachycera and Equidae, were combined for the search that was carried out in three languages (English, German and French) using four different search engines. In total, 38 articles investigating Brachycera as vectors for viral, bacterial and parasitic infections or as pests of equids were identified. Only 7 of the 14 investigated pathogens in the 38 reports extracted from the literature were shown to be transmitted by Brachycera. This review clearly shows that further studies are needed to investigate the role of Brachycera as vectors for pathogens relevant to equine health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review

Fuehrer

Cavalleri

2023

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is worth noting that sporadic cases have been reported where veterinarians or individuals in close contact with infected horses have also contracted the disease [9,10]. Since its discovery, S. equi has been rapidly disseminated worldwide [4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], acquiring notable antibiotic resistance [19], and therefore has significant implications for human biosecurity [20]. Carriers of this pathogen may remain asymptomatic, resulting in an undetectable disease state [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Real-Time Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Rapid Detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

Zu,

Sun,

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is the causative pathogen of strangles in horses, donkeys, and other equine animals. Strangles has spread globally and causes significant losses to the horse industry. In response to the urgent need for effective disease control, this study introduces a novel nucleic acid diagnostic method known as a real-time recombinase-assisted amplification (RAA) assay, developed based on the eqbE gene, for the rapid detection of S. equi nucleic acid. The real-time RAA method employs specifically designed probes and primers targeting the eqbE gene, enhancing the overall specificity and sensitivity of the detection. After efficiency optimization, this real-time RAA method can detect 10 or more copies of nucleic acid within 20 min. The method demonstrates high specificity for S. equi and does not cross-react with other clinically relevant pathogens. Real-time RAA diagnostic performance was evaluated using 98 nasal swab samples collected from horses and compared with the real-time PCR detection method. Results revealed that 64 and 65 samples tested positive for S. equi using real-time RAA and real-time PCR, respectively. The overall agreement between the two assays was 96.94% (95/98), with a kappa value of 0.931 (p < 0.001). Further linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation in the detection results between the two methods (R2 = 0.9012, p < 0.0001), suggesting that the real-time RAA assay exhibits a detection performance comparable to that of real-time PCR. In conclusion, the real-time RAA assay developed here serves as a highly specific and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of S. equi in equine samples, offering a potential alternative to real-time PCR methods. In conclusion, the real-time RAA nucleic acid diagnostic method, based on the eqbE gene, offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. equi, with the added advantage of minimal equipment requirements, thus contributing to the efficient detection of strangles in horses.

show abstract

“…One of the actions required for a good biosecurity plan is the control of pest animals that could contribute to the introduction and/or the spread of several pathogens within the farm. Indeed, rodents, insects, and wild birds can act as reservoirs and asymptomatic carriers of many pathogens [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], and they can be the source of disease agents for farmed animals [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House Flies (Musca domestica) from Swine and Poultry Farms Carrying Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella

Bertelloni

Bresciani

Cagnoli

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The house fly (Musca domestica) is a very common insect, abundantly present in farm settings. These insects are attracted by organic substrates and can easily be contaminated by several pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the presence of Salmonella spp. and other Enterobacteriaceae in house flies captured in small-medium size farms, located in Northwest Tuscany, Central Italy, and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance; furthermore, isolates were tested for extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenems resistance, considering the importance these antimicrobials have in human therapy. A total of 35 traps were placed in seven poultry and 15 swine farms; three different kinds of samples were analyzed from each trap, representing attractant substrate, insect body surface, and insect whole bodies. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 86.36% of farms, 82.87% of traps, and 60.95% of samples; high levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin (61.25% of resistant isolates) and tetracycline (42.5% of resistant isolates). One extended spectrum β-lactamase producer strain was isolated, carrying the blaTEM-1 gene. Salmonella spp. was detected in 36.36% of farms, 25.71% of traps, and 15.24% of samples. Five different serovars were identified: Kentucky, Kisarawe, London, Napoli, and Rubislaw; some isolates were in R phase. Resistance was detected mainly for ampicillin (31.21%) and tetracycline (31.21%). House flies could represent a serious hazard for biosecurity plans at the farm level, carrying and sharing relevant pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

show abstract

Molecular detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in face flies (Musca autumnalis) collected during a strangles outbreak on a Thoroughbred farm

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review

Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review

Development of a Real-Time Recombinase-Aided Amplification Method for the Rapid Detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

House Flies (Musca domestica) from Swine and Poultry Farms Carrying Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About