Molecular detection of<i>Rickettsia felis and Candidatus</i>Rickettsia Asemboensis in Fleas from Human Habitats, Asembo, Kenya

Jiang, Ju; Maina, Alice N.; Knobel, Darryn L.; Cleaveland, Sarah; Laudisoit, Anne; Wamburu, Kabura; Ogola, Eric; Parola, Philippe; Breiman, Robert F.; Njenga, M. Kariuki; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2012.1123

Cited by 108 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sequence analysis of one of the flea pools (F1) positive for R. felis on the species-specific qPCR assay however revealed a 100% homology to Ca. R. asemboensis, a newly described rickettsiae and a R. felis-like organism (RFLO) previously identified from fleas in Kenya (Jiang, et al 2013). In that study Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cat flea C. felis is the only biological vector and reservoir of R. felis so far identified (Reif and Macaluso 2009). In Africa R. felis has been detected in humans and arthropods in Gabon, Tunisia, Egypt, Congo, Algeria (Parola 2011) and Kenya where substantial work on the organism has been carried out (Jiang, et al 2013). Sequence analysis of one of the flea pools (F1) positive for R. felis on the species-specific qPCR assay however revealed a 100% homology to Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Rickettsiae andAnaplasmaspp. in Domestic Dogs and Their Ectoparasites in Bushbuckridge, South Africa

Kolo

Sibeko-Matjila

Maina

et al. 2016

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Members of the order Rickettsiales are small, obligate intracellular bacteria that are vector-borne and can cause mild to fatal diseases in humans worldwide. There is little information on the zoonotic rickettsial pathogens that may be harboured by dogs from rural localities in South Africa. To characterize rickettsial pathogens infecting dogs we screened 141 blood samples, 103 ticks and 43 fleas collected from domestic dogs in Bushbuckridge Municipality, Mpumalanga Province of South Africa between October 2011 and May 2012 using the reverse line blot (RLB) and Rickettsia genus and species-specific qPCR assays. Results from RLB showed that 49% of blood samples and 30% of tick pools were positive for the genus-specific probes for Ehrlichia/Anaplasma; 16% of the blood samples were positive for Ehrlichia canis. Haemoparasite DNA could not be detected in 36% of blood samples and 30% of tick pools screened. Seven (70%) of tick pools and both flea pools were positive for Rickettsia spp; three (30%) of tick pools were positive for R. africae and both flea pools phagocytophilum, and an Orientia tsutsugamushi-like sequence were identified from blood samples.The detection of emerging zoonotic agents from domestic dogs and their ectoparasites in a rural community in South Africa highlights the potential risk of human infection that may occur with these pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Rickettsiae andAnaplasmaspp. in Domestic Dogs and Their Ectoparasites in Bushbuckridge, South Africa

Kolo

Sibeko-Matjila

Maina

et al. 2016

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…31 Like R. felis, Candidatus R. senegalensis and Candidatus Rickettsia asemboensis (another closely related rickettsiae) have been identified in C. felis fleas. 30,32,33 The pathogenic potential of these two rickettsiae for humans is unknown; they may simply play a role as a symbiont or commensal in fleas. In our study, two opossums had antibodies reactive against both spotted fever and transitional group rickettsial antigens (R. rickettsii and R. felis, respectively), but these same opossums also had much higher antibody titers to R. typhi.…”

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confidence: 99%

Opossums and Cat Fleas: New Insights in the Ecology of Murine Typhus in Galveston, Texas

Blanton

Idowu

Tatsch

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Murine typhus is an acute undifferentiated febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi. The classic reservoir (Rattus spp.) and flea vector (Xenopsylla cheopis) were once culprits of murine typhus in the United States. Vector and rodent control efforts have drastically decreased the prevalence of disease, except in a few endemic foci where opossums and cat fleas play a role in transmission. Since 2012, there has been a reemergence of murine typhus in Galveston, TX. We hypothesize that opossums and cat fleas are involved in the transmission of R. typhi in Galveston. To explore this, we sought to find the seroprevalence of typhus group antibodies from opossums. We also sought to find the prevalence of R. typhi in fleas parasitizing these animals. We collected blood from 12 opossums and found that eight (66.7%) had the presence of anti-R. typhi antibodies. All opossums were infested with fleas; a total of 250 Ctenocephalides felis fleas were collected from these animals. Seven opossums (53.8%) were infested with fleas that had molecular evidence of R. typhi infection, while six (46.2%) were infested with fleas that contained Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis, an organism closely related to R. felis. The minimum flea infection rate for R. typhi was 7.0%. The minimum infection rate for Candidatus R. senegalensis was 6.1%. Our study demonstrates that fleas infected with R. typhi parasitize opossums in Galveston. It is therefore likely that opossums and their fleas play a role in the city's recent reemergence of murine typhus.

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“…Moreover, the epithet virida is malformed Protistobacter heckmanni [84] Protistobacter heckmannii According to Appendix 9, the correct way to form a specific epithet as a genitive noun for a male person whose name ends on -n is to add -ii Puchtella pedicinophila [85] Puchtella pediciniphila Based on Appendix 9, the connecting vowel -i-is needed Rhizobium massiliae [14] Rhizobium massiliense The Latin Massilia with the neuter ending for 'geographical' adjectives -ense gives massiliense Rickettsia amblyommii [86] Rickettsia amblyommatis The genitive of Amblyomma is not amblyommii but (as based on Greek o ' a, genitive o ' ato&) amblyommatis Rickettsia andeanae [87] Rickettsia andeana The authors made an adjective in the genitive case, for which there is no precedent Candidatus name Reference Suggested corrected name Comments in the nomenclature. Possible is andesensis, but the adjective andeanus, -a, -um is widely used Rickettsia asemboensis [88] Rickettsia asembonensis According to Appendix 9, asemboensis must be corrected to asembonensis Rickettsia barbariae [89] Rickettsia barbarica I found no confirmation for the statement by the authors that the name Barbaria was given by the Romans to the mountains of Sardina; it was a general term for the foreign, the uncultivated world. The adjective barbarica looks appropriate here Rickettsia hebeii [90] Rickettsia hebeiensis The name of the location Hebei with the ending for 'geographical' adjectives -ensis gives hebeiensis Rickettsia kingi [91] Rickettsia ixodis According to Appendix 9, the genitive case of the generic name of the associated organism (Ixodes) must be used Rickettsia tasmanensis [92] Rickettsia tasmaniensis The name of the location Tasmania with the ending for 'geographical' adjectivesensis gives tasmaniensis Riegeria galateiae [93] Riegeria paracatenulae According to Appendix 9, the genitive case of the generic name of the associated organism (Paracatenula) must be used Rohrkolberia cingula [94] Typhincola cinguli Rohrkolberia, from the German 'Rohrkolben' (Typha), is against Rule and Recommendation 6.…”

Section: Candidatus Name Reference Suggested Corrected Name Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A plea for linguistic accuracy – also for Candidatus taxa

Oren

2017

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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While all names of new taxa submitted to the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, either in direct submissions or in validation requests for names effectively published elsewhere, are subject to nomenclatural review to ensure that they are acceptable based on the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, the names of Candidatus taxa have not been subjected to such a review. Formally, this was not necessary because the rank of Candidatus is not covered by the Code, and the names lack the priority afforded validly published names. However, many Candidatus taxa of different ranks are widely discussed in the scientific literature, and a proposal to incorporate the nomenclature of uncultured prokaryotes under the provisions of the Code is currently pending. Therefore, an evaluation of the names of Candidatus taxa published thus far is very timely. Out of the~400 Candidatus names found in the literature, 120 contradict the current rules of the Code or are otherwise problematic. A list of those names of Candidatus taxa that need correction is presented here and alternative names that agree with the provisions of the Code are proposed.

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Molecular detection ofRickettsia felis and CandidatusRickettsia Asemboensis in Fleas from Human Habitats, Asembo, Kenya

Cited by 108 publications

References 32 publications

Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Rickettsiae andAnaplasmaspp. in Domestic Dogs and Their Ectoparasites in Bushbuckridge, South Africa

Molecular Detection of Zoonotic Rickettsiae andAnaplasmaspp. in Domestic Dogs and Their Ectoparasites in Bushbuckridge, South Africa

Opossums and Cat Fleas: New Insights in the Ecology of Murine Typhus in Galveston, Texas

A plea for linguistic accuracy – also for Candidatus taxa

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