Molecular Detection of Biofilm-Producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates from National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study evaluated biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in 36 clinical S. aureus isolates recovered from orthopaedic patients and detected the presence of intercellular adhesion and adhesin genes. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from nasal swab, wound and urine specimens collected from orthopaedic patients in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano over a period of three months. The isolates were identified using rapid identification kit for Staphylococcus species. The antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates was determined using modified disc diffusion method. Phenotypically, the biofilm formation was assessed using the Congo red agar method and microtitre plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect biofilm-associated genes and characterize the isolates. The isolation rate of S. aureus from the samples (n = 134) was 26.8%, mainly from nasal swab (36%) and wound swab (36%). A total of 19 (52.7%) of the isolates showed positive for slime production. Majority of the isolates 29/36 (81.6%) were biofilm positive with only 2 (5.5%) and 5 (13.8%) as strong biofilm-formers and moderate biofilm-formers respectively. Molecular evaluation of the biofilm-associated genes in 12 S. aureus isolates revealed the prevalence of bbp genes (25%), clfA genes (16.6%) and the icaA (8.3%). None of the isolates harboured the fnbA and cna genes. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the antibiotic resistance pattern between biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. aureus isolates. This result revealed that phenotypically most of the S. aureus isolates were biofilm formers but few of them chromosomally harbour the biofilm-associated genes.

Variation in Biofilm-Forming Potential of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical and Non-Clinical Sources

“…The 58% rate of S. aureus isolates exhibiting biofilmforming potential in this present study is more closely related to reports by Torlak and colleagues (46.9%) who studied S. aureus from surfaces in a dental clinic [29], and Khan and colleagues (47.71%) who looked at clinical S. aureus isolates in general [27]. It is also similar to studies carried out in Nigeria which reported a 52.7% and 64% rate of biofilm-forming potential in clinical S. aureus isolates [33,34].…”

Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Biofilm-forming Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Causing Infection among Orthopedic Wound Patients

“…The biofilm in vitro CRA model used in this study is well established and has been used by several other authors for studying biofilm formation. This finding substantiate CRA method reported prevalence of biofilm forming MRSA 50%, 52.7% and 76.02% [7,11,35] with strong ability of biofilm production seen among the identified strain. Although this study reported low prevalence of biofilm formation, it's worth noting that, phenotypic switch from a free-swimming, planktonic lifestyle to a sessile existence in a biofilm depends on many factors such as environment, availability of nutrients, geographical origin, types of specimen, surface adhesion characteristics and genetic makeup of the organism [36,37].…”

“…"MRSA is recognized worldwide as an important bacterial pathogen causing mild infections often associated with skin or soft tissue" [4]; however, "it can cause more severe infections such as pneumonia, osteomyelitis, cerebral abscess and sepsis, resulting in high rates of morbidity, high economic burden and possible mortality" [5,6]. "MRSAgenerally has been implicated in bone and wound infections encountered in orthopedic practice" [1,7,8], for example, "osteomyelitis, as well as in postoperative wound infections [9] where they are known to lead to delayed healing of wounds, delayed union, or even nonunion of bones which may lead to the amputation of such bones". "Precisely patients with surgical wounds have been reported to be at high risk of MRSA infection" [10,11] "Compounding the problem even further is the fact that MRSA can form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces" [12].…”

Occurrence and Diversity of Biofilm Producing Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli in Dug Wells Used for Domestic Purposes in Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria

“…The medium that was not inoculated was utilized as a control for the determination of the OD of the negative control. The cut-off value (ODc) was calculated by taking the average OD value of the negative control and multiplying it by three times the standard deviation of the negative control (Abdulrahim et al, 2019).…”

“…The ability of the strains to produce biofilm was divided into four groups based on their OD. These groups are: non-adherent (OD < ODc), weakly adherent (ODc < OD < 2XODc), moderately adherent (2XODc < OD < 4XODc), and strongly adherent (4XODc < OD) (Abdulrahim et al, 2019).…”