Molecular Detection of Bartonella Quintana, B. Elizabethae, B. Koehlerae, B. Doshiae, B. Taylorii, and Rickettsia Felis in Rodent Fleas Collected in Kabul, Afghanistan

Marié, Jean-Lou; Fournier, Pierre‐Edouard; Rolain, Jean‐Marc; Briolant, Sébastien; Davoust, Bernard; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.436

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our results confirm R. typhi in a known flea vector of murine typhus in a highly disease-endemic region of East Java, Indonesia (11,13). R. felis has been shown to infect fleas of peridomestic rodents (7,8) and fleas other than C. felis (1,5,14). However our report is the first of R. felis naturally infecting X. cheopis fleas, a vector of plague and murine typhus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In addition, previously demonstrated serologic evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae infection among residents of Gag Island, in eastern Indonesia (15), could have been due to R. felis. On the basis of data presented here and of recent reports of R. felis in other countries in Asia (2)(3)(4)(5)8,9), healthcare providers in Indonesia should be alerted to the possibility of fleaborne spotted fever among their patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rickettsia felis inXenopsylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia

Jiang¹,

Soeatmadji²,

Henry³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, etiologic agents of murine typhus and fleaborne spotted fever, respectively, were detected in Oriental rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) collected from rodents and shrews in Java, Indonesia. We describe the first evidence of R. felis in Indonesia and naturally occurring R. felis in Oriental rat fleas.M urine typhus (endemic typhus, fleaborne typhus), caused by Rickettsia typhi, is transmitted to humans by infected fleas and is relatively common wherever susceptible rodent hosts reside (1). Fleaborne spotted fever (cat flea typhus), caused by Rickettsia felis, is another zoonotic disease carried by fleas and appears to have an equally wide, cosmopolitan distribution; human infections with R. felis have a clinical syndrome similar to that of murine typhus (1-4). The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, has been identified as the primary arthropod vector of R. felis in North and South America (United States, Mexico, Peru, Brazil), Europe (Spain, France, United Kingdom, Cyprus), Africa (Gabon, Ethiopia), Asia (Thailand, Afghanistan, Israel), Australia, and New Zealand (1,5-10). We describe the first evidence of R. felis in Indonesia and apparent natural infections of R. felis in the Oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, implicating this flea species for the first time as a potential vector for fleaborne spotted fever. The StudySamples of X. cheopis were collected from 39 live-captured, peridomestic rodents and shrews from 3 localities in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, during an epidemiologic study conducted in 1994 (11). In this study the fleas were reidentified by using morphologic criteria, stored in fresh 70% ethanol, and subsequently evaluated for the presence of rickettsial DNA. DNA sample preparations were derived from triturates of 103 individual fleas in 100 µL PrepManUltra sample preparation reagent (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). DNA preparations of 1 to 5 fleas collected from the same rodent were pooled for testing. Reaction mixtures for the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays had a total volume of 25 µL and contained 3 µL DNA template. The master mixes were prepared for the 17-kDa Rickettsia-, R. typhi-and R. felis-specific qPCR assays in a separate, clean (DNA-free) room as previously described (6,12). The primer and probe sequences for the 17-kDa Rickettsia-specific and R. felis-specific assays have been reported (6,11). The R. typhi forward (Rt557F: 5′-TGG TAT TAC TGC TCA ACA AGC T-3′) and reverse (Rt678R: 5′-CAG TAA AGT CTA TTG ATC CTA CAC C-3′) primers and probe (Rt640BP: 5′-TET-CGC GAT CGT TAA TAG CAG CAC CAG CAT TAT CGC G-DABCYL-3′) sequences are listed here. Included in each run were 3 negative controls (GIBCO Ultrapure DNA-free distilled water, Invitrogen Corporation, Grand Island, NY, USA), 1 produced in the clean room and 2 in a biosafety cabinet in another laboratory where DNA templates were added. A TOPO TA plasmid (Invitrogen Corporation) that contained the target sequence at 10 3 copies for each assay was used as a positive control. qPCR reactions w...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickettsia felis inXenopsylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia

Jiang¹,

Soeatmadji²,

Henry³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Bartonellae have been shown to be dominant members of the bacterial communities of several rodent associated fleas ( Jones et al 2008, Hawlena et al 2013. Moreover, many rodent-associated fleas have been shown to be naturally infected with Bartonella closely related to zoonotic species (Stevenson et al 2003, Marie et al 2006, Jones et al 2008, Morick et al 2010, Billeter et al 2011, Kabeya et al 2011, Billeter et al 2013, Kim et al 2013. The frequent feeding of fleas and their ability to move from one host to another might explain the high prevalence and diversity of Bartonella spp.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

BartonellaInfection in Rodents and Their Flea Ectoparasites: An Overview

Gutiérrez

Krasnov

Morick

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

131

165

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Epidemiological studies worldwide have reported a high prevalence and a great diversity of Bartonella species, both in rodents and their flea parasites. The interaction among Bartonella, wild rodents, and fleas reflects a high degree of adaptation among these organisms. Vertical and horizontal efficient Bartonella transmission pathways within flea communities and from fleas to rodents have been documented in competence studies, suggesting that fleas are key players in the transmission of Bartonella to rodents. Exploration of the ecological traits of rodents and their fleas may shed light on the mechanisms used by bartonellae to become established in these organisms. The present review explores the interrelations within the Bartonella-rodent-flea system. The role of the latter two components is emphasized.

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“…For rodent Bartonellae, two vectors have been suggested: The oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) has been demonstrated to be a competent vector of an unidentified Bartonella species that infects bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) (Krampitz, 1962), and the vole ear mite (Trombicula microti) has been proposed as the vector of Bartonella vinsonii vinsonii (Baker, 1946). Several researchers have suggested a role for rodent fleas as the vector of Bartonella species based on detection of Bartonella DNA from fleas collected worldwide (Parola et al, 2003;Rolain et al, 2003;Stevenson et al, 2003;Reeves et al, 2005;Loftis et al, 2006;Marie et al, 2006). In experimental transmission studies, Bown et al (2004) demonstrated that the rodent flea Ctenophthalmus nobilis is a competent vector of at least two Bartonella species: Bartonella grahamii, which has previously been associated with human infection (Kerkhoff et al, 1999;Serratrice et al, 2003), and Bartonella taylorii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

Liu

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of Bartonella spp. in rodent populations in Yunnan Province, China. Although Bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about Bartonella carried by rodent fleas. In this study, Bartonella DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in two of five species of rodent fleas. These included Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from Rattus tanezumi flavipectus and from the nests of voles, respectively, during 1997 from two sites in western Yunnan Province, China. Sequence analysis of the Bartonella citrate synthase gene (gltA) amplicons obtained from six of 65 grouped flea samples showed that Bartonella genetic variants were clustered in four groups. One from Xenopsylla cheopis was identical to Bartonella tribocorum, whereas the other three genotypes from Ctenophthalmus lushuiensis were related to the vole-associated Bartonella isolates and cat-associated Bartonella clarridgeiae. This is the first detection of this Bartonella variant from fleas in China. Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify the distribution of Bartonella in rodents and their ectoparasites in China to define the role of these arthropods in the transmission routes of Bartonella.

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Molecular Detection of Bartonella Quintana, B. Elizabethae, B. Koehlerae, B. Doshiae, B. Taylorii, and Rickettsia Felis in Rodent Fleas Collected in Kabul, Afghanistan

Cited by 66 publications

References 40 publications

Rickettsia felis inXenopsylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia

Rickettsia felis inXenopsylla cheopis, Java, Indonesia

BartonellaInfection in Rodents and Their Flea Ectoparasites: An Overview

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Detected in Rodent Fleas in Yunnan, China

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