Molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Tom Green County in central Texas

Holman, Patricia J.; Carroll, Juliette E.; Pugh, Roberta; Davis, Donald S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.052

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Recently, it has been noted that the USA is not immune to Bovine Babesiosis, as outbreaks of Bovine Babesiosis still do occur (Guerrero et al 2007). We assume that other hosts are not epidemiologically relevant to the dynamics of Bovine Babesiosis in cattle caused by both B. bigemina and B. bovis, although Ramos et al (2010) and Holman et al (2011) report that white-tailed deer in Texas, USA, and Northern Mexico may be alternate hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Models of Bovine Babesiosis Including Juvenile Cattle

2015

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Bovine Babesiosis in cattle is caused by the transmission of protozoa of Babesia spp. by ticks as vectors. Juvenile cattle (<9 months of age) have resistance to Bovine Babesiosis, rarely show symptoms, and acquire immunity upon recovery. Susceptibility to the disease varies between breeds of cattle. Models of the dynamics of Bovine Babesiosis transmitted by the cattle tick that include these factors are formulated as systems of ordinary differential equations. Basic reproduction numbers are calculated, and it is proved that if these numbers are below the threshold value of one, then Bovine Babesiosis dies out. However, above the threshold number of one, the disease may approach an endemic state. In this case, control measures are suggested by determining target reproduction numbers. The percentage of a particular population (for example, the adult bovine population) needed to be controlled to eradicate the disease is evaluated numerically using Columbia data from the literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Models of Bovine Babesiosis Including Juvenile Cattle

2015

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“…Prior to use, all animals tested negative for B . bovis by immunoblots and PCR amplification targeting the 18S rRNA gene [15,20]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was unknown, parasite load being delivered to the deer was not quantified, and sensitive detection methods were not available for monitoring the experimental animals. More recently, molecular and serological analyses of samples from free-ranging WTD in Texas and northern Mexico implicated cervids as potential reservoirs of bovine babesiosis parasites [15–18]. The results suggested either transient babesial infection or cross reactivity to parasites that are capable of establishing an infection in deer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virulent Babesia bovis Strain Failed to Infect White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

et al. 2015

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Wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. Babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. While cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (WTD), are known to be viable alternative hosts. The presence of cattle fever tick populations resistant to acaricides raises concerns regarding the possibility of these alternative hosts introducing tick-borne babesial parasites into areas free of infection. Understanding the B. bovis reservoir competence of these alternative hosts is critical to mitigating the risk of introduction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that WTD are susceptible to infection with a B. bovis strain lethal to cattle. Two groups of deer were inoculated intravenously with either B. bovis blood stabilate or a larval extract supernatant containing sporozoites from infected R. microplus larvae. The collective data demonstrated that WTD are neither a transient host nor reservoir of B. bovis. This conclusion is supported by the failure of B. bovis to establish an infection in deer regardless of inoculum. Although specific antibody was detected for a short period in the WTD, the PCR results were consistently negative at multiple time points throughout the experiment and blood from WTD that had been exposed to parasite, transferred into naïve recipient susceptible calves, failed to establish infection. In contrast, naïve steers inoculated intravenously with either B. bovis blood stabilate or the larval extract supernatant containing sporozoites rapidly succumbed to disease. These findings provide evidence that WTD are not an epidemiological component in the maintenance of B. bovis infectivity to livestock.

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“…I n North America, species in the deer family (Cervidae) are commonly infected with a number of tick-borne pathogens including those of medical and veterinary importance (Belongia et al 1997, Moore et al 2003, Lane et al 2005, Dugan et al 2006, Holman et al 2011. Serum antibodies to multiple Borrelia species, including the agents of Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever, the agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and erythrocytic anaplasmosis, and numerous other bacterial and protozoal pathogenic agents, have been detected in deer (Magnarelli et al 2004, Lane et al 2005, Yabsley et al 2005, Holman et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum antibodies to multiple Borrelia species, including the agents of Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever, the agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and erythrocytic anaplasmosis, and numerous other bacterial and protozoal pathogenic agents, have been detected in deer (Magnarelli et al 2004, Lane et al 2005, Yabsley et al 2005, Holman et al 2011. Surveillance of deer populations for tick-borne diseases has helped to define the distribution of these pathogens and the subsequent risk to humans and domestic animals (Eisen and Eisen 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Relapsing Fever Spirochetes (Borrelia hermsiiandBorrelia coriaceae) in Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Nevada, United States

Nieto

Teglas

Stewart

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Surveillance of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus, Rafinesque, 1917) populations for tick-borne diseases has helped define the distribution of these pathogens and their subsequent risk of transmission to humans and domestic animals. We surveyed three mule deer herds across the state of Nevada for infection with relapsing fever Borrelia spp. spirochetes. Bacterial prevalence varied by the county where deer were sampled but Borrelia spirochetes were detected in 7.7% of all deer sampled. Infected deer were identified in every location from which mule deer samples were obtained. Sequencing of the Borrelia intergenic spacer gene (IGS) revealed that one individual was infected with Borrelia coriaceae and all others were infected with Borrelia hermsii. The vector of B. hermsii, Ornithodoros hermsi (Acari: Argasidae, Wheeler, Herms, and Meyer, 1935), feeds primarily on wild rodents and has not been identified infesting deer. Additionally, Ornithodoros coriaceus (Acari: Argasidae, Koch, 1844), which readily feeds on deer and is frequently infected with B. coriaceae, has not been shown to be a competent vector for B. hermsii. Our data represent the first sylvatic evidence of B. hermsii infection in mule deer. Additionally, our data provide evidence that infection with relapsing fever spirochetes in Nevada is wide ranging in the state's deer populations.

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Molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Tom Green County in central Texas

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Models of Bovine Babesiosis Including Juvenile Cattle

Models of Bovine Babesiosis Including Juvenile Cattle

A Virulent Babesia bovis Strain Failed to Infect White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Detection of Relapsing Fever Spirochetes (Borrelia hermsiiandBorrelia coriaceae) in Free-Ranging Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Nevada, United States

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