Molecular Detection and Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Bacteriocins of Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Family Dairy Herds of Central Mexico

Abstract

Thirty-two farms (n = 535 cows) located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, were sampled. Pathogens from bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CLM) were identified by 16S rDNA and the sensitivity to both antibiotics and bacteriocins of Bacillus thuringiensis was tested. Forty-six milk samples were selected for their positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) (≥3) and any abnormality in the udder or milk. The frequency of SCM and CLM was 39.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Averages for test day milk yield (MY), lactation number (LN), herd size (HS), and number of days in milk (DM) were 20.6 kg, 2.8 lactations, 16.7 animals, and 164.1 days, respectively. MY was dependent on dairy herd (DH), LN, HS, and DM (P < 0.01), and correlations between udder quarters from the CMT were around 0.49 (P < 0.01). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly identified, as well as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Brevibacterium stationis, B. conglomeratum, and Staphylococcus agnetis. Bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime. Bacteriocins synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis inhibited the growth of multiantibiotic resistance bacteria such as S. agnetis, S. equorum, Streptococcus uberis, Brevibacterium stationis, and Brachybacterium conglomeratum, but they were not active against S. sciuri, a microorganism that showed an 84% resistance to antibiotics tested in this study.

Gram-positive aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses

“…Another large group which was identified were coryneform microorganisms (34 strains, 7.6% prevalence). Except for C. flavescens which tends to be associated with colour changes on cheese during ripening (Masoud and Jakobsen 2003), the other detected species of corynebacteria and T. pyogenes are associated with doi: 10.17221/107/2016-VETMED animal diseases (Funke et al 1997;Minkin and Shapiro 2004;Songer and Post 2005;Leon-Galvan et al 2015), as are nocardioform microbes (Erol et al 2012b;Pasciak et al 2014) as well as D. congolensis (Wintzer 1999;Songer and Post 2005). Data from several sources indicate that also representatives of the genus Bacillus and Lysinibacillus can be agents of various diseases such as abortion, mastitis, enterotoxaemia and sepsis (Songer and Post 2005;Bednarczyk and Daczkowska-Kozon 2007;Wenzler et al 2015).…”

“…Many corynebacteria are known to produce urease, phospholipases, haemolysins, mycolic acids and diphtheric toxin (Songer and Post 2005). C. afermentans is associated with organ infections and sepsis in human patients (Funke et al 1997), (Minkin and Shapiro 2004), C. stationis with bovine mastitis (Leon-Galvan et al 2015), while C. flavescens may cause colour changes on the surface of ripened cheese (Masoud and Jakobsen 2003). Trueperella pyogenes is the most common opportunistic animal pathogen which is a producer of pyolysin with dermonecrotoxic and lethal effects (Songer and Post 2005).…”

Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria: Features and biotherapeutic approach

“…These bacteriocins were included in the study to determine their antagonism against pathogenic strains of S. aureus isolated of milk from diseased cows mastitis, confirming an high antibacterial activity (Barboza-Corona et al, 2009). Also these bacteriocins are effective against pathogens isolated from bovine clinical and subclinical mastitis, because it inhibit the growth of multiantibiotic resistance bacteria such as Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus equorum, Streptococcus uberis, Brevibacterium stationis and Brachybacterium conglomeratum (León-Galván et al, 2015).…”

Potential use of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriocins to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy goats

“…In well-diffusion assay, d Brevibacillus sp., e S. chromogenes, and f B. cereus 183 were used as a control reporter bacterium. Wells 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent Morricin 269, Kurstacin 287, Kenyacin 404, Entomocin 420, and Tolworthcin 524, respectively la Fuente-Salcido et al 2008) and also as therapeutic agents to control bacteria associated with mastitis in both dairy cows (Barboza-Corona et al 2009;León-Galván et al 2015) and dairy goats. Nevertheless, further work is required to establish whether these antimicrobial peptides have practical applications as therapeutic agents for use in integrated management programs to control or prevent mastitis in animals.…”