Molecular detection and genotyping of Aphanomyces astaci directly from preserved crayfish samples uncovers the Norwegian crayfish plague disease history

Vrålstad, Trude; Strand, David; Grandjean, Frédéric; Kvellestad, Agnar; Håstein, Tore; Knutsen, Ann Kristin; Taugbøl, Trond; Skaar, Ida

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.07.008

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As they are invasive, they are now very common in much of Europe . Recently, several molecular methodologies have been developed to detect A. astaci directly from infected crayfish tissues (Oidtmann et al, 2006;Vrålstad et al, 2009Vrålstad et al, , 2014Tuffs and Oidtmann, 2011;Grandjean et al, 2014) and have improved the possibilities for screening for this pathogen (Kozubíková et al, 2008;2011b;Aquiloni et al, 2010;Vrålstad et al, 2011;Pârvulescu et al, 2012). These studies confirmed that all of these North American crayfish species can carry crayfish plague and so can freshwater crab species (Svoboda et al, 2014;Schrimpf et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) population during a crayfish plague outbreak followed by rescue

Collas

Becking

Delpy

et al. 2016

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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-A mass mortality was detected in the downstream section of one of the most extensive French populations of the endangered white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, on June 26, 2013. This population occupied a 12 km stretch of the La Lucelle brook, with an estimated size of around 150 000 individuals. The presence of the crayfish plague pathogen was quickly diagnosed as the cause of the mortality, and monitoring was carried out to follow the spread of the disease from 15 July 2013 for one year. Results showed that after a fast spread between 15 and 25 July 2013 (upstream progression of mortality for about 4 km), the mortality front was limited to a stretch of a few hundred meters from August until December 2013. During winter, mortality was always observed, confirming that disease remained active. In April 2014, the mortality front was halted by a large dam in the brook (2 m high), 0.56 km from brook source. Two months later, 30 live crayfish were observed above the dam. On the 30 August 2014, no crayfish were found above the dam. Infected individuals analysed for microsatellite markers confirmed the Pacifastacus leniusculus strain of Aphanomyces astaci at the origin of this outbreak. Before the crayfish plague spread upstream of the large dam, a sample of 576 individuals was collected from upstream of the dam and translocated to another stream in the same French department. In July 2014, observations by night confirmed the presence of translocated white-clawed crayfish in the receiving brook. Key-words:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) population during a crayfish plague outbreak followed by rescue

Collas

Becking

Delpy

et al. 2016

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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“…Recently, museum specimens have been used to time introductions of particular genotypes of Aphanomyces astaci causing epizootics of crayfish plague in Norway beginning in 1971 (Vrålstad et al. ). Studies of crayfish plague and of Bd in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Rodriguez et al.…”

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Museum specimens not only yield locality records, but also allow detection of time periods in which Bd increased in prevalence (Cheng et al 2011). Recently, museum specimens have been used to time introductions of particular genotypes of Aphanomyces astaci causing epizootics of crayfish plague in Norway beginning in 1971 (Vr alstad et al 2014). Studies of crayfish plague and of Bd in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest that utilize genetic markers provide information regarding gene flow and a more precise migration history.…”

Section: Baseline Data Are Vital For Defining Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research

James

Toledo

Rödder

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

197

218

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The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which affects species across all continents, recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Yet, many aspects of the basic biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), are still unknown, such as when and from where did Bd emerge and what is its true ecological niche? Here, we review the ecology and evolution of Bd in the Americas and highlight controversies that make this disease so enigmatic. We explore factors associated with variance in severity of epizootics focusing on the disease triangle of host susceptibility, pathogen virulence, and environment. Reevaluating the causes of the panzootic is timely given the wealth of data on Bd prevalence across hosts and communities and the recent discoveries suggesting co‐evolutionary potential of hosts and Bd. We generate a new species distribution model for Bd in the Americas based on over 30,000 records and suggest a novel future research agenda. Instead of focusing on pathogen “hot spots,” we need to identify pathogen “cold spots” so that we can better understand what limits the pathogen's distribution. Finally, we introduce the concept of “the Ghost of Epizootics Past” to discuss expected patterns in postepizootic host communities.

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“…Noteworthy examples are the introduction of the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 [9] into Norwegian rivers with subsequent dramatic decline in the native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations [10] and the crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, 1906), a parasite that has been introduced to Norwegian watercourses and causes mass-mortalities in European crayfish (Astacus astacus L.) populations [11]. In these cases, strong and visible effects are evident, but often the effects of introduced parasites are difficult to observe [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic population structure ofGyrodactylus thymalli(Monogenea) in a large Norwegian river system

Pettersen

Hansen

et al. 2015

Parasitology

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The extent of geographic genetic variation is the result of several processes such as mutation, gene flow, selection and drift. Processes that structure the populations of parasite species are often directly linked to the processes that influence the host. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus thymalli Žitňan, 1960 (Monogenea) collected from grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) throughout the river Glomma, the largest watercourse in Norway. Parts of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase subunit 5 (NADH 5) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes from 309 G. thymalli were analysed to study the genetic variation and investigated the geographical distribution of parasite haplotypes. Three main clusters of haplotypes dominated the three distinct geographic parts of the river system; one cluster dominated in the western main stem of the river, one in the eastern and one in the lower part. There was a positive correlation between pairwise genetic distance and hydrographic distance. The results indicate restricted gene flow between sub-populations of G. thymalli, most likely due to barriers that limit upstream migration of infected grayling. More than 80% of the populations had private haplotypes, also indicating long-time isolation of sub-populations. According to a molecular clock calibration, much of the haplotype diversity of G. thymalli in the river Glomma has developed after the last glaciation.

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Molecular detection and genotyping of Aphanomyces astaci directly from preserved crayfish samples uncovers the Norwegian crayfish plague disease history

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) population during a crayfish plague outbreak followed by rescue

Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) population during a crayfish plague outbreak followed by rescue

Disentangling host, pathogen, and environmental determinants of a recently emerged wildlife disease: lessons from the first 15 years of amphibian chytridiomycosis research

Genetic population structure ofGyrodactylus thymalli(Monogenea) in a large Norwegian river system

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