Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Western China

Abstract

Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important global viral pathogen of cattle and other ruminants. To survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of BVDV in western China, a total of 1234 serum samples from 17 herds of dairy cattle, beef cattle and yak in 4 provinces were collected in 2019. Results All the 1234 serum samples were screened individually for BVDV by RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that the average positive rate of BVDV was 7.2% (89/1234) in animals and 82.4% (14/17) in herds. Thirteen BVDV strains were isolated from RT-PCR positive clinical samples and they were all NCP biotype. BVDV-1a and 1c subgenotypes were identified from 22 selected virus isolates in 14 BVDV-positive herds. These results confirmed that BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c were circulating in western China, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. Conclusions This study provides data for monitoring and vaccination strategies of BVDV in western China.

Genetic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1c in newborn calves at nucleotide and synonymous codon usages

“…Compared with RT-PCR for BVDV RNA and ELISA for BVDV antigens / antibodies, virus isolation is the standard method of detection of BVDV-infected newborn calves. The BVDV infected cattle, especially PI cattle, can secrete large amounts of BVDV in their serum ( 36 , 37 ). Hence, the serum from the newborn calf is a valid sample for BVDV isolation.…”

“…After the phylogenetic genotyping analysis, the eight BVDV isolates were classified into subgenotype 1c and displayed a close genetic relationship with the strain GSTZ which was isolated from yak in Gansu province ( Figure 1 ). Previous study described the circulation of at least six subgenotypes of BVDV-1 in China (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d 1m, and 1q) with predominance of BVDV-1a and BVDV-1d ( 32 , 37 , 38 ). Currently, BVDV-1a and BVDV-1b are still the most often detected subgenotypes in the big region including Asia, Europe and Americas ( 39 ).…”

Kesesuaian Uji Antigen Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay dan Nested Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction untuk Diagnosis Rutin Bovine Viral Diarrhea

“…Hewan yang terinfeksi virus BVD dapat mengeluarkan sejumlah besar virus dalam serum terutama pada infeksi persisten sehingga serum dapat digunakan sebagai sampel isolasi virus (Chang et al, 2021). Uji ACE dan realtime RT-PCR mempunyai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi (OIE, 2015), sedangkan pengujian multiplex nPCR yang lebih spesifik dikembangkan untuk menentukan genotipe virus BVD (Gilbert et al, 1999) namun memerlukan teknik dan tahapan yang lebih kompleks serta kemampuan laboratorik yang tinggi.…”

Introductory Chapter: Understanding Bovine Science - An Emerging and Re-emerging Menace in the Growing Epoch

“…The occurrence of large number of subgenotypes of BVDV hinder the prevention and mitigation regimes because a vaccine effective in one locality against certain strain is unable to provide immune protection against another strain in another locality [33]. Therefore investigating the number and frequency of subgenotypes of BVDV can be used to study virus evolution which may play role in future vaccination design [36].…”