Molecular detection and genetic characterization of kobuviruses and astroviruses in asymptomatic local pigs in East Africa

Amimo, Joshua O.; Okoth, Edward; Jung'a, J.O.; Ogara, W. O.; Njahira, Moses; Wang, Qiuhong; Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Saif, Linda J.; Djikeng, Appolinaire

doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1942-x

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Still, the influence of PKoV should not be totally neglected. In the present study PKoV was demonstrated at rather equal incidences regardless of age, despite that a decrease of prevalence by age has been recorded in East Africa (Amimo et al, 2014) and in Italy, where the PKoV was detected only in 3.85% out of 280 fecal samples collected from healthy pigs aged between 6 and 10 months (Di Profio et al, 2013). Unlike PKoV, it is established that PCV2 can contribute to several clinical diseases, including potential participation to enteric clinical disorders in nursery and growing-finishing pigs (Baró et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries

Zhou

Ullman

Chowdry

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. This study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (PAstV4), porcine group A rotavirus (GARV), porcine group C rotavirus (GCRV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine kobuvirus (PKoV) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five European countries (Austria, Germany, Hungary, Spain and Sweden). Real-time RT-PCR assays were developed to test fecal samples and to compare the prevalence and viral load in relation to health status, farms of origin and age groups. The results showed that PAstV4 (70.4%) was the dominant virus species, followed by PKoV (56.7%), PCV2 (42.2%), GCRV (3%) and GARV (0.9%). Diarrheic pigs had a higher viral load of PAstV4 in the nursery and growing-finishing groups. Rotaviruses were mainly detected in diarrheic pigs, whereas PCV2 was more often detected in clinically healthy than in diarrheic pigs, suggesting that most PCV2 infections were subclinical. PAstV4, PCV2 and PKoV were considered ubiquitous in the European pig livestock and co-infections among them were frequent, independently of the disease status, in contrast to a low prevalence of classical rotavirus infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries

Zhou

Ullman

Chowdry

et al. 2016

Veterinary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, non-diarrheic piglets were not included and therefore no association between kobuvirus prevalence and disease can be made. However, the prevalence of kobuvirus has been widely described in pigs from several European countries (The Netherlands (16.7%), Slovakia (63.4%), Hungary (81.0%), Czech Republic (87.3%), Austria (46.2%), Italy (52.4%), Germany (54.5%) and Sweden (45.0%)), American countries (The United States (21.9%) and Brazil (53.0%)), African countries (Kenya (14.9%) and Uganda (15.5%)) and Asian countries (Thailand (99%), South Korea (52.1%) and Vietnam (29.3%)) [44][45][46][48][49][50][51][52][53] . In a small proportion of these studies, statistically significant associations between prevalence of kobuvirus and diarrhea in pigs were demonstrated, such as in Hungary (54.5% prevalence in healthy pigs vs 92.3% prevalence in diarrheic pigs), Spain (47.5% healthy vs 74.4% diarrheic), Brazil (41% vs 78.4%), Thailand (19.3% vs 84.5%) and Vietnam (27.6% to 40.9%) 35,45,46,52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Theuns

Vanmechelen

Bernaert

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteric diseases in swine are often caused by different pathogens and thus metagenomics are a useful tool for diagnostics. The capacities of nanopore sequencing for viral diagnostics were investigated here. First, cell culture-grown porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus A were pooled and sequenced on a MinION. Reads were already detected at 7 seconds after start of sequencing, resulting in high sequencing depths (19.2 to 103.5X) after 3 h. Next, diarrheic feces of a one-week-old piglet was analyzed. Almost all reads (99%) belonged to bacteriophages, which may have reshaped the piglet’s microbiome. Contigs matched Bacteroides, Escherichia and Enterococcus phages. Moreover, porcine kobuvirus was discovered in the feces for the first time in Belgium. Suckling piglets shed kobuvirus from one week of age, but an association between peak of viral shedding (106.42–107.01 copies/swab) and diarrheic signs was not observed during a follow-up study. Retrospective analysis showed the widespread (n = 25, 56.8% positive) of genetically moderately related kobuviruses among Belgian diarrheic piglets. MinION enables rapid detection of enteric viruses. Such new methodologies will change diagnostics, but more extensive validations should be conducted. The true enteric pathogenicity of porcine kobuvirus should be questioned, while its subclinical importance cannot be excluded.

show abstract

“…Virus titer was determined by using TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and by plaque assay as described previously [7]. The propagated PDCoV culture was confirmed negative for other swine enteric viruses, including TGEV, PEDV, Rota A to Rota C, and caliciviruses (noroviruses, sapoviruses, and St-Valerien-like viruses), by using RT-PCR as reported previously [1,2,14,21,26].…”

Section: Cells and Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with the cell-culture-adapted porcine deltacoronavirus strain OH-FD22

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel enteropathogenic coronavirus in pigs. We have isolated and passaged the PDCoV strain OH-FD22 in an LLC porcine kidney (LLC-PK) cell line. Our study investigated the pathogenicity of the tissue-culture-grown PDCoV (TC-PDCoV) OH-FD22 at cell passages 5, 20 and 40 in LLC-PK cells, in eight 14-day-old gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. Pigs (n = 3) were euthanized for pathologic examination at post-inoculation day (PID) 3, and the remainder were monitored for clinical signs, virus shedding, and serum antibody responses until PID 28. All inoculated pigs developed watery diarrhea and/or vomiting at PID 1-2 and shed the highest amount of viral RNA in feces at PID 3-5, accompanied by severe atrophic enteritis. They developed high titers of PDCoV-specific IgG/IgA and virus-neutralizing antibodies in serum at PID 23-24. Histologic lesions were limited to the villous epithelium of the jejunum and ileum at PID 3. Two inoculated pigs tested at PID 23-24 had small to moderate numbers of PDCoV antigen-positive cells in the intestinal lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not in enterocytes. An analysis of full-length S and N genes of TC- and Gn-pig-passaged OH-FD22 revealed a high genetic stability in cell culture and pigs. TC-PDCoV OH-FD22 (cell passages 5, 20 and 40) was enteropathogenic, and the pathogenicity was similar to that of the original field virus. The TC-PDCoV OH-FD22 will be useful for further pathogenesis studies and for evaluating if higher-level cell-culture passaged virus becomes attenuated for vaccine development.

show abstract

Molecular detection and genetic characterization of kobuviruses and astroviruses in asymptomatic local pigs in East Africa

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries

Molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five European countries

Nanopore sequencing as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for porcine viral enteric disease complexes identifies porcine kobuvirus as an important enteric virus

Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with the cell-culture-adapted porcine deltacoronavirus strain OH-FD22

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About