Abstract:Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) is an excellent gene resource for wheat breeding, which is characterized by early maturity, low plant height, and disease resistance. The wheat-P. huashanica derivatives were created by the elite genes of P. huashanica and permeate into common wheat through hybridization. Among them, a long-glume material 20JH1155 was identified, with larger grains and longer spike than its parents. In the present study, the methods of cytological observation, GISH, and sequ… Show more
Background
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) is a rare and unique species of grass that is native to China. It is a significant genetic resource for wheat breeding because of the multiple beneficial features that can be used in wheat improvement programs.
Results
The study isolated a novel wheat - P. huashanica derived line 18TR61 from the progeny of common wheat 7182 and P. huashanica. Cytological studies revealed that 18TR61 has chromosome karyotype of 2n = 42 = 21II; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) experiments confirmed that two 2D chromosomes in line 18TR61 were replaced by two incomplete Ns chromosomes. Meanwhile, it has been observed that 18TR61 exhibits structural variations in chromosomes 2B, 7B, and 5A when compared to its parents. Molecular markers and GenoBaits®WheatplusPh microarray analysis indicated that the alien chromosomes originated from P. huashanica 2Ns. Based on karyotype observations, it was incomplete in length, and contains all of the short arm, centromere, and fragment of the long arm. Assessment of agronomic traits showed that 18TR61 outperformed its parents in terms of stripe rust resistance in the adult plant stage, as well as spike length and grain size.
Conclusions
As a result, 18TR61 was identified as a wheat - P. huashanica 2NsS (2D) fragment disomic substitution. Furthermore, the established 15 specific markers were beneficial for the quick identification of heterologous material containing the 2Ns chromosome in the wheat background. This line offered a possible bridge for wheat genetic improvement on disease resistance to stripe rust and yield.
Background
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs) is a rare and unique species of grass that is native to China. It is a significant genetic resource for wheat breeding because of the multiple beneficial features that can be used in wheat improvement programs.
Results
The study isolated a novel wheat - P. huashanica derived line 18TR61 from the progeny of common wheat 7182 and P. huashanica. Cytological studies revealed that 18TR61 has chromosome karyotype of 2n = 42 = 21II; Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) experiments confirmed that two 2D chromosomes in line 18TR61 were replaced by two incomplete Ns chromosomes. Meanwhile, it has been observed that 18TR61 exhibits structural variations in chromosomes 2B, 7B, and 5A when compared to its parents. Molecular markers and GenoBaits®WheatplusPh microarray analysis indicated that the alien chromosomes originated from P. huashanica 2Ns. Based on karyotype observations, it was incomplete in length, and contains all of the short arm, centromere, and fragment of the long arm. Assessment of agronomic traits showed that 18TR61 outperformed its parents in terms of stripe rust resistance in the adult plant stage, as well as spike length and grain size.
Conclusions
As a result, 18TR61 was identified as a wheat - P. huashanica 2NsS (2D) fragment disomic substitution. Furthermore, the established 15 specific markers were beneficial for the quick identification of heterologous material containing the 2Ns chromosome in the wheat background. This line offered a possible bridge for wheat genetic improvement on disease resistance to stripe rust and yield.
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