Molecular cytogenetic identification of a novel hexaploid wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid with high protein content

Abstract

Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to define the cytogenetic constitution of the intergeneric introgression line 29(1-57) obtained from the wheat × Thinopyrum intermedium (wheatgrass) cross. This line is a highprotein line resistant to leaf rust, yellow rust, and powdery mildew under field conditions and has 42 chromosomes. GISH analysis using a total genomic DNA probe from Thinopyrum intermedium resulted in the identification of 14 chromosomes of wheatgrass origin. The sequential GISH patterns obtained using St-genomic and J-genomic DNA as probes and ABD-genomic DNA from wheat as a blocker led to a better determination of the genomic type of wheatgrass chromosomes. Rearrangements involving Thinopyrum chromosomes and the A, B, and D genomes of wheat were not observed. FISH using the repetitive DNA probes pSc119.2, Afa-family, and pTa71 allowed for identification of all the wheat chromosomes present.

Development of Specific Thinopyrum Cytogenetic Markers for Wheat-Wheatgrass Hybrids Using Sequencing and qPCR Data

“…The development of cytogenetic markers is a tedious process that requires long and laborious FISH testing of various probes before a suitable probe is found. In many cytogenetic studies aimed at molecular-cytogenetic characterization of wheat–wheatgrass hybrids, the classical FISH probes such as 45S rDNA, pAs1, pSc119.2, and pTa71 are applied [ 32 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. However, the development of new Thinopyrum -specific probes is necessary as it would enable the precise identification of chromosome rearrangements in amphidiploids and introgression lines and can be used in evolutionary studies of Triticeae [ 40 , 43 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…One of the basic approaches in the study of WWGHs and introgression lines, along with molecular markers, remains cytogenetic studies with common and specific probes [ 21 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. This approach enables the discrimination of related subgenomes in amphidiploids, visualization of chromosomal composition, and identification of rearrangements.…”

Использование Генетического Потенциала Многолетних Дикорастущих Злаков В Селекци-Онном Улучшении Пшеницы

“…Различные селекционные линии пырея среднего испытываются на хлебопекарные качества зерна, проводится его окультуривание и селекция (64)(65)(66). Создано множество пшенично-пырейных гибридов (ППГ) с высоким содержанием белка, а также устойчивых к вирусу желтой карликовости ячменя и полосатой мозаики пшеницы, мучнистой росе, желтой, листовой, стеблевой ржавчинам (67)(68)(69)(70). Каждый ППГ имеет в геноме, кроме хромосом пшеницы, собственный уникальный набор хромосом пырея, ассоциированных с теми или иными хозяйственно ценными признаками (71,72).…”