Molecular crowding agents engineered to make bioinspired electrolytes for high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors

Peng, Mengke; Wang, Li; Li, Longbin; Peng, Zhongyou; Tang, Xiannong; Hu, Ting; Yuan, Kai; Chen, Yiwang

doi:10.1016/j.esci.2021.09.004

Cited by 76 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For the electrochemical characterizations, both the three-electrode test and the two-electrode test were performed on a CHI 760 E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua). The electrode specific capacitance, the energy density, and the power density of the three-electrode supercapacitors and the symmetric supercapacitor were estimated through GCD curves according to the equations below [44,45]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the electrochemical characterizations, both the three‐electrode test and the two‐electrode test were performed on a CHI 760 E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua). The electrode specific capacitance, the energy density, and the power density of the three‐electrode supercapacitors and the symmetric supercapacitor were estimated through GCD curves according to the equations below [ 44,45 ]

C_{m_{1}} = \frac{I Δ t}{Δ V m_{1}}

{normalC}_{m_{2}} = \frac{4 I Δ t}{Δ V m_{2}}

E_{m} = 0.5 C_{m_{2}} Δ V^{2}

P_{m} = \frac{3600 E_{m}}{Δ t}

where

C_{m_{1}}

is the gravimetric specific capacitance (F g −1 ) of the three‐electrode experiment,

C_{m_{2}}

is the gravimetric specific capacitance (F g −1 ) of the two‐electrode experiment, E m is the gravimetric energy density (Wh kg −1 ), P m is the gravimetric power density (W kg −1 ), I is the current (A), Δ V is the applied potential during discharge process ( V ), Δ t is the discharge time ( s ), and m is the total mass of active materials in the electrodes ( g ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tailoring Conductive 3D Porous Hard Carbon for Supercapacitors

Sun

et al. 2022

Energy Tech

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Hard carbon has attracted great attention for energy storage owing to low cost and extremely high microporosity, however, hindered by its low electrical conductivity. The common strategy to improve the conductivity is through graphitization process which requires temperatures as high as 3000 °C and inevitably destroys the porous structure. Herein, a balance between the specific surface area and electrical conductivity in a 3D porous hard carbon by in situ iron‐catalyzed graphitization process together with the Si–O–Si network is successfully achieved. The Fe can accelerate the localized graphitization at relatively low temperature (1000 °C) to form nanographite domains with enhanced conductivity, while the Si–O–Si network contributes to generating a 3D porous structure. As a result, the optimized hard carbon exhibits a 3D interconnected and hierarchical porous structure with extremely high specific surface area (2075 m2 g−1) and excellent electrical conductivity (12 S cm−1) which is comparable with that of artificial graphite. And thus, high capacitance of 315 F g−1 and excellent rate capability (174 F g−1 at 40 A g−1) are simultaneously achieved when used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The strategy is promising to build hard carbon materials with well‐tuned properties for high‐performance energy storage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C_{m_{1}} = \frac{I Δ t}{Δ V m_{1}}

{normalC}_{m_{2}} = \frac{4 I Δ t}{Δ V m_{2}}

E_{m} = 0.5 C_{m_{2}} Δ V^{2}

P_{m} = \frac{3600 E_{m}}{Δ t}

where

C_{m_{1}}

is the gravimetric specific capacitance (F g −1 ) of the three‐electrode experiment,

C_{m_{2}}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Conductive 3D Porous Hard Carbon for Supercapacitors

Sun

et al. 2022

Energy Tech

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“…[20][21][22][23] Nevertheless, the relatively high concentrated electrolyte increases the total preparation cost and mass. [24,25] The increased viscosity and reduced ion conduction can obviously affect the electrical performance under low-temperature. Based on the aforementioned discussion, in ordered to make full use of the advantages of the ASIBs, introducing inert and inexpensive inorganic antifreezing additives can be a better choice to improve the electrochemical performance of ASIBs under low-temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Electrolyte for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Sodium Ion Batteries

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Small

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Aqueous sodium ion batteries have received widespread attention due to their great application potential and high safety. However, the serious capacity fading under low temperature dramatically restricts their practical application. Compared to flammable and toxic organic antifreezing additives, addition of common cheap inorganic inert additives to improve low‐temperature performance is of interest scientifically. Herein, low‐cost calcium chloride is served as antifreezing additive in 1 m NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte due to its strong interaction with water molecules. The freezing point of the optimized electrolyte is significantly reduced to below −50 °C with an ultrahigh ionic conductivity (7.13 mS cm−1) at −50 °C. All pure inorganic composition of the full battery delivers a high capacity of 74.5 mAh g−1 under 1 C (1 C = 150 mA g−1) at −30 °C. More importantly, when tested under 10 C at −30 °C, the battery can achieve an ultralong cycling stability of 6000 cycles with no obvious capacity decay, indicating fast Na+ transport under low temperature. Significantly, this work provides an easy‐to‐operate strategy by adding cheap inorganic salt to develop high‐performance low‐temperature aqueous batteries.

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“…Gel electrolytes combine the advantages of high ionic conductivity of liquid components and excellent mechanical properties of polymer matrices, which have been the most commonly used electrolytes of flexible energy storage devices [27][28][29][30]. Generally, the anti-freezing property of gel electrolytes could be realized by the addition of organic solvents (e.g., ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gly) and dimethyl sulfoxide) or soluble ions (e.g., sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide and zinc chloride) with high concentrations [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. These solutes with high concentrations could inhibit the crystallization of water and depress the freezing points of electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An anti-freezing and anti-drying multifunctional gel electrolyte for flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

et al. 2022

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Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted immense attention for flexible energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost. However, conventional flexible aqueous ZIBs will undergo severe capacity loss at subzero temperature due to the inevitably freeze of electrolytes. In addition, under large bending or stretching strains, the encapsulation of devices would be damaged, which causes the evaporation of water in electrolytes and results in device failure. Herein, an anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolyte based on polyacrylamide (PAM) and glycerol (Gly) is developed. The strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between PAM or Gly and water molecules not only avoid the crystallization of the gel electrolyte at low temperatures, but also constrain the free water and restrict its evaporation. Therefore, such gel electrolyte displays a high ionic conductivity of 9.65 × 10 −5 S cm −1 at −40°C. Furthermore, it can restrict the dehydration process when the electrolyte is exposed to ambient environment. The flexible ZIBs based on such gel electrolyte exhibit excellent electrochemical performance at −40°C and the devices without encapsulation retain 98% of their initial capacity in ambient condition after 30 days. This work provides a route to design anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolytes for aqueous energy storage devices.

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Molecular crowding agents engineered to make bioinspired electrolytes for high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors

Cited by 76 publications

References 36 publications

Tailoring Conductive 3D Porous Hard Carbon for Supercapacitors

Tailoring Conductive 3D Porous Hard Carbon for Supercapacitors

Inorganic Electrolyte for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Sodium Ion Batteries

An anti-freezing and anti-drying multifunctional gel electrolyte for flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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