Molecular confirmation of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Anees; Afshan, Kiran; Nazar, Muddassar; Firasat, Sabika; Chaudhry, Umer; Sargison, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2020.102276

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, few molecular studies have analyzed D. dendriticum [ 6 , 32 ]. Several molecular markers have been engaged to differentiate Dicrocoelium at species and strain levels [ 12 , 17 , 33 ]. Fragments of nuclear ribosomal genes and mitochondrial loci DNA have been evaluated using molecular techniques for Dicrocoeliid parasites [ 21 , 33 – 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular analysis of NADH dehydrogenase (NAD)1 gene suggested that this genetic marker was not suitable for molecular characterization of D. dendriticum [ 18 ]. On the other hand, although it was suggested that ribosomal cisteorn DNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) seem to be appropriate to explore intra-species variations through D. dendriticum , the number of reference sequences for these genes is not too much to interpret the probable correlation of genetic variations with hosts and origin of Dicrocoelium [ 12 ]; therefore, many studies have employed ITS fragments for genetic scrutinizing of this trematode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dicrocoeliosis, as a foodborne zoonotic disease, caused by three species of Dicrocoelium , namely D. dendriticum , D. hospes, and D. chinensis , which involve the bile ducts and gall bladder of their hosts [ 12 ]. Dicrocoelium dendriticum has been reported in Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, D. hospes is endemic in sub-Sahara and West Africa, and D. chinensis in Eastern Asia and Europe [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 of Dicrocoelium dendriticum isolated from cattle, sheep, and goat in Iran

et al. 2022

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Background Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a broadly distributed zoonotic helminth, which is mainly reported from domesticated and wild ruminants. There is little data covering the molecular features of this trematode; therefore, current study aimed to molecularly analyze D. dendriticum in livestock. Methods Totally, 23 samples of D. dendriticum were collected from cattle, sheep, and goat from Ilam, Lorestan, and Khuzestan, three west and south-west provinces of Iran from February to August 2018. After genomic DNA extraction, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 fragment was amplified and sequenced in samples. To investigate genetic variations through the ITS 2 fragment of obtained D. dendriticum, phylogenetic tree and network analysis were employed. Results All 23 samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree showed that our samples were clearly grouped in a clade together with reference sequences. There was no grouping based on either geographical regions or hosts. Network analysis confirmed the phylogenetic findings and showed the presence of nine distinct haplotypes, while our samples together most of sequences, which were previously submitted to the GenBank, were grouped in the Hap1. Conclusions Our findings indicated that although ITS 2 fragment discriminate D. dendriticum, this fragment is not suitable to study intra-species genetic variations. Therefore, exploring and describing new genetic markers could be more appropriate to provide new data about the genetic distribution of this trematode.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 of Dicrocoelium dendriticum isolated from cattle, sheep, and goat in Iran

et al. 2022

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“…D. dendriticum (the lancet fluke) is a small liver fluke infecting domestic animals in the Northern coasts of Africa, Asia and the Americas (Mas-Coma and Bargues, 1997 ; Traversa et al ., 2013 ; Manga-González and Ferreras, 2014 ). Using mitochondrial nd 1 and cox 1 sequences, D. dendriticum could be distinguished from D. chinensis and D. hospes (Hayashi et al ., 2017 ; Khan et al ., 2021 ). In human dicrocoeliasis, there may be true (genuine) and false (spurious) infections.…”

Section: Liver Flukesmentioning

confidence: 99%

General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis

Chai

Jung

2022

Parasitology

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Foodborne trematodes (FBT) of public health significance include liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica), lung flukes (Paragonimus westermani and several other Paragonimus spp.) and intestinal flukes, which include heterophyids (Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes nocens and Haplorchis taichui), echinostomes (Echinostoma revolutum, Isthmiophora hortensis, Echinochasmus japonicus and Artyfechinostomum malayanum) and miscellaneous species, including Fasciolopsis buski and Gymnophalloides seoi. These trematode infections are distributed worldwide but occur most commonly in Asia. The global burden of FBT diseases has been estimated at about 80 million, however, this seems to be a considerable underestimate. Their life cycle involves a molluscan first intermediate host, and a second intermediate host, including freshwater fish, crustaceans, aquatic vegetables and freshwater or brackish water gastropods and bivalves. The mode of human infection is the consumption of the second intermediate host under raw or improperly cooked conditions. The major pathogenesis of C. sinensis and Opisthorchis spp. infection includes inflammation of the bile duct which leads to cholangitis and cholecystitis, and in a substantial number of patients, serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma, may develop. In lung fluke infections, cough, bloody sputum and bronchiectasis are the most common clinical manifestations. However, lung flukes often migrate to extrapulmonary sites, including the brain, spinal cord, skin, subcutaneous tissues and abdominal organs. Intestinal flukes can induce inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, and they may at times undergo extraintestinal migration, in particular, in immunocompromised patients. In order to control FBT infections, eating foods after proper cooking is strongly recommended.

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“…Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Maximum Entropy (Max-Ent) are the most widely used SDMs in the study of fluke parasites. These models have been used to show the geographical distribution and spatial pattern of fascioliosis or schistosomiasis and their risk factors associated with the ecological niches and climatic conditions [18][19][20][21][22] Dicrocoelium was first identified in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan by Khan, Afshan [23]. There have been few studies that provide information on the spatial distribution of dicrocoeliosis, and none in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Dicrocoelium in the Himalayan Ranges: Potential Impacts of Ecological Niches and Climatic Variables

et al. 2022

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Purpose Dicrocoeliosis can be an important cause of production loss in ruminants due to the cost of liver condemnation at slaughter. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium infection and to predict the ecological niches and climatic variables that support dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. Methods and Results Dicrocoelium was detected in 33 of 381 liver samples and 238 of 6060 blood samples taken from sheep and goat herds in the area. The prevalence of dicrocoeliosis was higher in sheep than in goats and highest in females aged more than 3 years. An environmental risk map was created to predict active zones of transmission and showed the highest probability values in central parts of the Chitral district in the northwest of Pakistan. Climatic variables of the mean monthly diurnal temperature range (Bio2), annual precipitation (Bio12), and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the presence of Dicrocoelium infection. Conclusion Together, the findings of this study demonstrate the most suitable ecological niches and climatic variables influencing the risk of dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. The methods and results could be used as a reference to inform the control of dicrocoeliosis in the region.

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Molecular confirmation of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 of Dicrocoelium dendriticum isolated from cattle, sheep, and goat in Iran

Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 of Dicrocoelium dendriticum isolated from cattle, sheep, and goat in Iran

General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis

Spatial Distribution of Dicrocoelium in the Himalayan Ranges: Potential Impacts of Ecological Niches and Climatic Variables

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