Molecular comparison of dominant microbiota associated with injured versus healthy mucosa in ulcerative colitis

Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Two broad approaches have been taken to define the role of the microbiota in IBD: the ''global description strategy'' [126][127][128] and the ''candidate microorganism strategy.'' 129 The former describes the attempt to characterize the composition of the microbial community and has led to the concept of ''dysbiosis.''…”

Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions

“…1,5,6 A current goal is to characterize the human microbiota, enabling the study of its variation according to factors such as population, genotype, disease status and profile, age, nutrition, as well as exposure to various medications, and dietary factors. Worldwide, scientific and commercial interest in the cross-talk between microbes and their human hosts has also intensifiedfueled by the recognition that the intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in many aspects of human disease, [7][8][9] and by the expanding markets for probiotics and prebiotics, some of which have shown significant health benefits in clinical trial settings 10,11 (see also section 3).…”

Induction of Bacterial Antigen-Specific Colitis by a Simplified Human Microbiota Consortium in Gnotobiotic Interleukin-10 −/− Mice

“…The E. coli LF82 strain used in our study is a prototype adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) strain originally isolated from an ileal lesion of a CD patient (17) and is functionally different from commensal enteric E. coli strains. AIEC strains are associated with CD (42,43), and the level of R. gnavus with mucolytic activities is increased in a subset of CD patients (39,44,45). Our results demonstrate that E. coli LF82 and R. gnavus predominantly induce effector immune responses in IL-10 Ϫ/Ϫ mice, even though the proportions of those bacteria in mucosal tissues of the distal intestine are small.…”

“…Meanwhile, several studies indicate that the overall bacterial composition changes with colonic inflammation (36)(37)(38)(39), suggesting that the inflamed mucosa and the altered inflammatory milieu selectively affect growth and adherence of different bacterial species. Our choice of bacterial species was guided in part by studies showing expansion or contraction of certain bacterial populations and experimental colitis in IL-10 Ϫ/Ϫ mice colonized with complex SPF microbiotas (10,40,41).…”