Molecular Cloning of Two Cannabinoid Type 1-like Receptor Genes from the Puffer FishFugu rubripes

Yamaguchi, Fuminori; Macrae, Alexander D.; Brenner, Sydney

doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0406

Cited by 89 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…The discovery of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in mammalian CNS (Devane, 1988;Matsuda et al, 1990), followed by the characterization of two CB1 genes (CB1A and CB1B) in the brain of a bony fish (Fugu rubripes) by Yamaguchi et al (1996), aroused the interest of neurobiologists in the phylogeny of the cannabinergic signaling This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. V. Mazzi (1917Mazzi ( -2004, who devoted a great deal of his investigations to the comparative neuroanatomy of bony fish.…”

Section: Indexing Terms: Bony Fishes; Immunohistochemistry; Rt-pcr; Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system of the African cichlid fishPelvicachromis pulcher

et al. 2005

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Neuroanatomical investigation of the cannabinoid system in a lower vertebrate group such as teleost fishes might improve our understanding of the physiological role of such a signaling system. In the present study, the expression of a CB1 cannabinoid receptor has been demonstrated in the CNS of a teleost fish, the cichlid Pelvicachromis pulcher. Moreover, CB1-like immunoreactivity has been analyzed by using a purified antibody against the CB1 receptor amino-terminus. Immunostained neurons and varicosities were found through the telencephalon as well as in the preoptic area and lateral infundibular lobes of the hypothalamus. Stained cells were observed in the pituitary gland. Several cell bodies and nerve terminals containing an intense CB1-like immunoreactivity were found in the pretectal central nucleus and posterior tuberculum, both lying in a transitional region between diencephalon and mesencephalon. In the brainstem, the CB1 immunopositivity was more restricted than in the prosencephalon, with the exception of some large, intensely immunopositive nerve cells within the dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, possibly motor neurons of the third cranial nerve. In the cerebellum, among a majority of immunonegative granule cells, a subset of them was immunostained. Some positive Purkinje cells were also observed. In the spinal cord, ventral gray matter, several alpha-motoneurons were stained. Similarities to and discrepancies from the CB1 receptor distributions in other vertebrate CNS are discussed, paying particular attention to the abundant CB1 immunoreactivity observed in the area encompassing the pretectum and glomerular nucleus, which is characterized by a peculiar differentiation in bony fishes.

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Section: Indexing Terms: Bony Fishes; Immunohistochemistry; Rt-pcr; Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system of the African cichlid fishPelvicachromis pulcher

et al. 2005

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“…The cloning of two genes coding for the CB1 receptor subtypes CB1A and B in the bony fish Fugu rubripes (Yamaguchi et al, 1996) represented a true milestone in the cannabinoid comparative investigations. Nevertheless, although bony fish have multiple gene copies in some way related to their evolutionary radiation and phenotypic diversification, at the moment, Fugu and Solea solea (Palermo et al, submitted) are the only teleosts, among those investigated, with two CB1 receptor subtypes.…”

Section: Functional Relevance Of Cannabinoid Cb1 Receptors In Teleostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the discovery of two CB1 genes in the brain of the teleost Fugu rubripes by Yamaguchi et al (1996), the comparative investigations on cannabinoid receptors have indicated that this signalling system is conserved through phylogeny. Phylogenetic analysis of CB1 receptor, based on sequence alignment studies performed in several vertebrate and invertebrate species, have indeed corroborated this hypothesis by showing that cannabinoid receptors, although lacking in protostomian invertebrates Drosophila and Coenorhabditis, animal models widely employed in neurobiological investigations, are largely diffused among deuterostomians Egertovà, 2001, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoids affect the reproductive functions in teleosts and amphibians

Cottone

Guastalla

Franzoni

2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Following the discovery in the brain of the bonyfish Fugu rubripes of two genes encoding for type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1A and CB1B), investigations on the phylogeny of these receptors have indicated that the cannabinergic system is highly conserved. Among the multiple functions modulated by cannabinoids/endocannabinoids through the CB1 receptors one of the more investigated is the mammalian reproduction. Therefore, since studies performed in animal models other than mammals might provide further insight into the biology of these signalling molecules, the major aim of the present paper was to review the comparative data pointing toward the endocannabinoid involvement in the reproductive control of non mammalian vertebrates, namely bonyfish and amphibians.The expression and distribution of CB1 receptors were investigated in the CNS and gonads of two teleosts, Pelvicachromis pulcher and Carassius auratus as well as in the anuran amphibians Xenopus laevis and Rana esculenta. In general the large diffusion of neurons targeted by cannabinoids in both fish and amphibian forebrain indicate endocannabinoids as pivotal local messengers in several neural circuits involved in either sensory integrative activities, like the olfactory processes (in amphibians) and food response (in bonyfish), or neuroendocrine machinery (in both). By using immunohistochemistry for CB1 and GnRH, the codistribution of the two signalling molecules was found in the fish basal telencephalon and preoptic area, which are key centers for gonadotropic regulation in all vertebrates. A similar topographical codistribution was observed also in the septum of the telencephalon in Rana esculenta and Xenopus laevis.Interestingly, the double standard immunofluorescence on the same brain section, aided with a laser confocal microscope, showed that in anurans a subset of GnRH neurons exhibited also the CB1 immunostaining. The fact that CB1-LI-IR was found indeed in the FSH gonadotrophs of the Xenopus pituitary gland and CB1 receptors together with the fatty acid amide hydrolase, the degradative enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide, were demonstrated in both bonyfish and frog gonads, strongly suggests that endocannabinoids are involved in central and peripheral gonadotropic functions of teleosts and amphibians.

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“…Alternatively, a molecular biological approach can be adopted in which the presence of genes in non-mammalian vertebrates that encode orthologues of the mammalian CB 1 or CB 2 receptors is investigated. The ¢rst non-mammalian cannabinoid receptor genes were discovered in the pu¡er ¢sh Fugu rubripes by Yamaguchi et al (1996). Two genes that display sequence similarity with mammalian cannabinoid receptors were identi¢ed but both genes share more sequence similarity with mammalian CB 1 genes than with mammalian CB 2 genes and therefore the Fugu genes were named FCB 1A and FCB 1B .…”

Section: (B) Comparative Pharmacology Of Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling

Elphick

Egertová

2001

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

349

261

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The plant Cannabis sativa has been used by humans for thousands of years because of its psychoactivity. The major psychoactive ingredient of cannabis is δ 9 –tetrahydrocannabinol, which exerts effects in the brain by binding to a G–protein–coupled receptor known as the CB 1 cannabinoid receptor. The discovery of this receptor indicated that endogenous cannabinoids may occur in the brain, which act as physiological ligands for CB 1 . Two putative endocannabinoid ligands, arachidonylethanolamide (‘anandamide’) and 2–arachidonylglycerol, have been identified, giving rise to the concept of a cannabinoid signalling system. Little is known about how or where these compounds are synthesized in the brain and how this relates to CB 1 expression. However, detailed neuroanatomical and electrophysiological analysis of mammalian nervous systems has revealed that the CB 1 receptor is targeted to the presynaptic terminals of neurons where it acts to inhibit release of ‘classical’ neurotransmitters. Moreover, an enzyme that inactivates endocannabinoids, fatty acid amide hydrolase, appears to be preferentially targeted to the somatodendritic compartment of neurons that are postsynaptic to CB 1 –expressing axon terminals. Based on these findings, we present here a model of cannabinoid signalling in which anandamide is synthesized by postsynaptic cells and acts as a retrograde messenger molecule to modulate neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. Using this model as a framework, we discuss the role of cannabinoid signalling in different regions of the nervous system in relation to the characteristic physiological actions of cannabinoids in mammals, which include effects on movement, memory, pain and smooth muscle contractility. The discovery of the cannabinoid signalling system in mammals has prompted investigation of the occurrence of this pathway in non–mammalian animals. Here we review the evidence for the existence of cannabinoid receptors in non–mammalian vertebrates and invertebrates and discuss the evolution of the cannabinoid signalling system. Genes encoding orthologues of the mammalian CB 1 receptor have been identified in a fish, an amphibian and a bird, indicating that CB 1 receptors may occur throughout the vertebrates. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids and specific binding sites for cannabinoids have been reported in several invertebrate species, but the molecular basis for these effects is not known. Importantly, however, the genomes of the protostomian invertebrates Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans do not contain CB 1 orthologues, indicating that CB 1 –like cannabinoid receptors may have evolved after the divergence of deuterostomes (e.g. vertebrates and echinoderms) and protostomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationship of vertebrate CB 1 receptors with other G–protein–coupled receptors reveals that the paralogues that appear to share the most recent common evolutionary origin with CB 1 are lysophospholipid receptors, melanocortin receptors and adenosine receptors. Interestingly, as with CB 1 , each of these receptor types does not appear to have Drosophila orthologues , indicating that this group of receptors may not occur in protostomian invertebrates. We conclude that the cannabinoid signalling system may be quite restricted in its phylogenetic distribution, probably occurring only in the deuterostomian clade of the animal kingdom and possibly only in vertebrates.

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Molecular Cloning of Two Cannabinoid Type 1-like Receptor Genes from the Puffer FishFugu rubripes

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Expression and distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system of the African cichlid fishPelvicachromis pulcher

Expression and distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system of the African cichlid fishPelvicachromis pulcher

Endocannabinoids affect the reproductive functions in teleosts and amphibians

The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling

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