Molecular cloning of the major lethal toxins from two kraits (Bungarus flaviceps and Bungarus candidus)

Yanoshita, Ryohei; Ogawa, Yuko; Murayama, Nobuhiro; Omori-Satoh, Tamotsu; Saguchi, Ken-ichi; Higuchi, Shigesada; Khow, Orawan; Chanhome, Lawan; Samejima, Yuji; Sitprija, Visith

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.12.004

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Repetitive washing with physiological salt solution did not reverse the neurotoxic effects of either venom, suggesting that the toxins inducing this effect were irreversible or pseudo-irreversible. It also supports the previous findings on the detection and isolation of potent presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins in B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms [7,15,29]. Pseudo-irreversible antagonism occurs when the agonist (e.g., acetylcholine released from the nerve terminal) and antagonist (e.g., post-synaptic neurotoxins in the venom) compete for the receptor (e.g., skeletal muscle nicotinic receptor) but the antagonist dissociates from the receptor so slowly ( i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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In-vitro Neurotoxicity of Two Malaysian Krait Species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) Venoms: Neutralization by Monovalent and Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand

Rusmili

Yee

Mustafa

et al. 2014

Toxins

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Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in Southeast Asia. Envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. In this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. Both venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of indirect twitches, and attenuated responses to exogenous nicotinic receptor agonists, in the chick biventer preparation, with B. candidus venom being more potent than B. fasciatus venom. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis indicated different profiles between the venoms. Despite these differences, most proteins bands were recognized by all three antivenoms. Antivenom, added prior to the venoms, attenuated the neurotoxic effect of the venoms. Interestingly, the respective monovalent antivenoms did not neutralize the effects of the venom from the other Bungarus species indicating a relative absence of cross-neutralization. Addition of a high concentration of polyvalent antivenom, at the t90 time point after addition of venom, partially reversed the neurotoxicity of B. fasciatus venom but not B. candidus venom. The monovalent antivenoms had no significant effect when added at the t90 time point. This study showed that B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms display marked in vitro neurotoxicity in the chick biventer preparation and administration of antivenoms at high dose is necessary to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Untreated respiratory muscle paralysis is the main cause of lethality in krait envenoming [3,15]. Morbidities in the form of permanent brain damage due to anoxia, cerebral ataxia, paraplesia, mydriasis, problems effecting micturation and causing constipation have also been reported in victims of krait bites [4,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro Neurotoxicity of Two Malaysian Krait Species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) Venoms: Neutralization by Monovalent and Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand

Rusmili

Yee

Mustafa

et al. 2014

Toxins

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“…They are one of the better studied snakes of the world. They are widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia and are highly venomous [15]. Many biologically important proteins, particularly α- bungarotoxins, κ- bungarotoxins and β- bungarotoxins, have been well characterized from the venom of Bungarus species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The venom of B. flaviceps is more potent than B. fasciatus but comparable in potency to B. candidus venom; the LD 50 values of B. flaviceps , B. candidus and B. fasciatus venoms are 3.5 μg, 3.2 μg and 61.7 μg per kg of experimental mouse respectively [23]. Other than the isolation and characterization of β- bungarotoxin [15,24], κ- flavitoxin [25,26] and PLA 2 [15], not much information is available on the venom of B. flaviceps . Therefore, we have here examined the venom gland of B. flaviceps by using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to explore the venom composition in detail as well as to identify novel and low abundance toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of the venom gland of the red-headed krait (Bungarus flaviceps) using expressed sequence tags

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe Red-headed krait (Bungarus flaviceps, Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae) is a medically important venomous snake that inhabits South-East Asia. Although the venoms of most species of the snake genus Bungarus have been well characterized, a detailed compositional analysis of B. flaviceps is currently lacking.ResultsHere, we have sequenced 845 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the venom gland of a B. flaviceps. Of the transcripts, 74.8% were putative toxins; 20.6% were cellular; and 4.6% were unknown. The main venom protein families identified were three-finger toxins (3FTxs), Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (including chain B of β-bungarotoxin), phospholipase A2 (including chain A of β-bungarotoxin), natriuretic peptide (NP), CRISPs, and C-type lectin.ConclusionThe 3FTxs were found to be the major component of the venom (39%). We found eight groups of unique 3FTxs and most of them were different from the well-characterized 3FTxs. We found three groups of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (SPIs); one group was comparable to the classical SPIs and the other two groups to chain B of β-bungarotoxins (with or without the extra cysteine) based on sequence identity. The latter group may be functional equivalents of dendrotoxins in Bungarus venoms. The natriuretic peptide (NP) found is the first NP for any Asian elapid, and distantly related to Australian elapid NPs. Our study identifies several unique toxins in B. flaviceps venom, which may help in understanding the evolution of venom toxins and the pathophysiological symptoms induced after envenomation.

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“…The snake occurs in Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia (1). The major lethal toxin having been isolated and cloned from Bungarus flaviceps is considered a novel isoform of β-bungarotoxin (2,3). Its venom also contains a novel postsynaptic neurotoxin, termed κ-flavitoxin, which is a potent inhibitor of nicotinic transmission in autonomic ganglia (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic and immunological properties of Bungarus flaviceps (red-headed krait) venom

Tan¹,

Fung²,

Ponnudurai³

2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:Bungarus flaviceps (red-headed krait) venom presents an intravenous LD 50 of 0.32 μg/g and exhibits enzymatic activities similar to other Bungarus toxins. ELISA cross-reactions between anti-Bungarus flaviceps and a variety of elapid and viperid venoms were observed in the current study. Double-sandwich ELISA was highly specific, since anti-B. flaviceps serum did not cross-react with any tested venom, indicating that this assay can be used for species diagnosis in B. flaviceps bites. In the indirect ELISA, anti-B. flaviceps serum cross-reacted moderately with three different Bungarus venoms (9-18%) and Notechis scutatus venom, but minimally with other elapid and viperid toxins. The results indicated that B. flaviceps venom shares common epitopes with other Bungarus species as well as with N. scutatus. The lethality of the B. flaviceps venom was neutralized effectively by antiserum prepared against B. candidus and B. flaviceps toxins and a commercial bivalent elapid antivenom prepared against B. multicinctus and Naja naja atra venoms, but was not neutralized by commercial antivenoms prepared against Thai cobra, king cobra and banded krait. These data also suggested that the major lethal toxins of B. flaviceps venom are similar to those found in B. multicinctus and B. candidus venoms.

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Molecular cloning of the major lethal toxins from two kraits (Bungarus flaviceps and Bungarus candidus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

In-vitro Neurotoxicity of Two Malaysian Krait Species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) Venoms: Neutralization by Monovalent and Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand

In-vitro Neurotoxicity of Two Malaysian Krait Species (Bungarus candidus and Bungarus fasciatus) Venoms: Neutralization by Monovalent and Polyvalent Antivenoms from Thailand

Transcriptomic analysis of the venom gland of the red-headed krait (Bungarus flaviceps) using expressed sequence tags

Enzymatic and immunological properties of Bungarus flaviceps (red-headed krait) venom

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