Molecular cloning of mouse placental lactogen cDNA.

Jackson, Laurie L.; Colosi, Peter; Talamantes, Frank; Linzer, Daniel I. H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.83.22.8496

Cited by 103 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Screening of a BALB/c mouse genomic library by hybridization to mPL-II cDNA (16) yielded two positive clones (ib3 and aig) from 600,000 plaques. Restriction maps of the genomic inserts were generated, and locations of mPL-II exons were determined by hybridization of these restriction fragments to mPL-II-specific oligonucleotides and to mPL-II cDNA (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterizing the genetic elements involved in placental expression of these genes would provide (i) insights into the control of endocrine reproductive physiology during pregnancy, (ii) molecular handles for dissecting the differentiation pattern and roles of placental trophoblasts, and (iii) useful reagents for targeting expression of specific genes to the placenta. We have therefore now isolated and begun to characterize the mPL-II gene, and we report here that a defined region of the mPL-II gene confers placental tropho- (16) or SV40 early region DNA. Hybridization, washing, and emulsion autoradiography were as described (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Placental-specific expression from the mouse placental lactogen II gene promoter.

Shida

Jackson-Grusby

Ross

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Placental-specific expression from the mouse placental lactogen II gene promoter.

Shida

Jackson-Grusby

Ross

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Prior to this discovery, we presumed that maternally derived GH or an autocrine͞ paracrine GH-like peptide from the embryo would be the ligand for the embryonic receptors. While the placenta does produce placental lactogens (35,36) and even GH variants in some species (37), the presence of these peptides prior to placentation, in particular in preimplantation embryos, has not been established. Placental GH variants might be of greater importance following implantation, since placental lactogen, at least, is not synthesized at high concentrations by the placenta until about day 7 (38), well before pituitary GH can be detected [around day 17 (7,38)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional growth hormone (GH) receptors and GH are expressed by preimplantation mouse embryos: A role for GH in early embryogenesis?

Pantaleon

Whiteside

Harvey

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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The results of this study challenge the widely held view that growth hormone (GH) acts only during the postnatal period. RNA phenotyping shows transcripts for the GH receptor and GH-binding protein in mouse preimplantation embryos of all stages from fertilized eggs (day 1) to blastocysts (day 4). An antibody specific to the cytoplasmic region of the GH receptor revealed receptor protein expression, first in two-cell embryos, the stage of activation of the embryonic genome (day 2), and in all subsequent stages. In cleavage-stage embryos this immunoreactivity was localized mainly to the nucleus, but clear evidence of membrane labeling was apparent in blastocysts. GH receptor immunoreactivity was also observed in cumulus cells associated with unfertilized oocytes but not in the unfertilized oocytes. The blastocyst receptor was demonstrated to be functional, exhibiting the classic bell-shaped dose-response curves for GH stimulation of both 3-O-methyl glucose transport and protein synthesis. Maximal stimulation of 40-50% was seen for both responses at less than 1 ng͞ml recombinant GH, suggesting a role for maternal GH. However mRNA transcripts for GH were also detected from the morula stage (day 3) by using reverse transcription-PCR, and GH immunoreactivity was seen in blastocysts. These observations raise the possibility of a paracrine͞autocrine GH loop regulating embryonic development in its earliest stages.Embryonic and fetal growth have long been considered to be independent of pituitary growth hormone (GH). However, this view is challenged by a growing body of evidence which demonstrates a role for GH in the development of the fetus. Newborn Laron dwarfs, lacking a functional GH receptor, are more than 2 SD shorter than normal (1). Exogenous GH has been shown to restore embryonic growth in rats after transplantation of parts of embryos into hypophysectomized hosts (2). A number of fetal tissues has been shown to respond to GH in vitro (3-6). GH receptor transcripts have been demonstrated in day 12 rat embryos and placentae (7), day 51 sheep embryos (8), and mouse placenta (9). Immunoreactive GH receptor was observed in the human fetus from the second trimester (10, 11). Recently GH receptor transcripts and immunoreactivity have been demonstrated in germ-line competent mouse embryonic stem cells, and GH receptor transcripts were also demonstrated in mouse blastocysts (12).Preimplantation stages earlier than the blastocyst, however, were not examined by Ohlsson et al. (12). Furthermore, there was no evidence that these very early embryos were capable of receptor synthesis or of signal transduction after ligand binding to expressed receptor. In this study we demonstrate the presence of GH receptors in the early embryo from fertilization to the blastocyst stage and the ability of GH to influence the metabolism of blastocyst. Moreover, we report the expression of GH by preimplantation blastocysts, raising the possibility of paracrine͞autocrine regulation of embryonic growth by GH. MATERIALS AND METHODSGene Ex...

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“…A cosmid library from BALB/c liver DNA (Steinmetz et al 1985) and hgt 11 library constructed from RNA of a day-13 mouse placenta (Jackson et al 1986) were plated and screened according to standard procedures (Sambrook et al 1989). For the cosmid library the following mixture of [32p]labeled genomic and cDNA probes was used: The 289-bp HindIII/BamHI fragment from XrnCGM2-1 (Rudert et al 1989), the 661-bp PvuII/PstI fragment from XrnCGM3-1, as well as the 748-bp SstI/BamHI fragment from XrnCGM4/5-1 (Kodelja et al 1989) and the EcoRI cDNA inserts of XrnCGMla and XrnCGMlb (Rebstock et al 1990).…”

Section: Isolation and Sequencing Of Mouse Genomic And Cdna Clonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of these results, we screened a mouse day 13-placenta cDNA library (Jackson et al 1986) with the rnCGM1 probe. Out of 106 recombinant phages, the DNA of 81 hybridized.…”

Section: Isolation and Analysis Of Mouse Psg-related Cdna Clonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of murine carcinoembryonic antigen gene family members

et al. 1992

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Abstract. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a human tumor marker whose gene belongs to a family with more than 20 members. This gene family codes for a group of proteins with in vitro cell adhesion properties and for a group of abundantly expressed pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG) with unknown functions. As a basis for in vivo functional studies, we have started to analyze the murine CEA gene family and have identified five new members (Cea-2 to Cea-6). eDNA clones were isolated for Cea-2, Cea-3, and Cea-6. The deduced amino acid sequences of Cea-2 and Cea-6 indicate three IgV-like (N), followed by one IgC-like (A) domain (N1-N2-N3-A). We have also partially characterized the Cea-2 gene and two additional ones, Cea-4 and Cea-5. Cea-2 and Cea-4 are separated by only 16 kb, suggesting a close linkage of murine CEA-related genes, as found for the human CEA gene family. Cea-5 was located to the proximal region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 7, which is syntenic to part of human Chr 19, containing the human CEA gene family cluster. Cea-2, Cea-3, and a Cea-4-1ike gene are differentially transcribed in the placenta during pregnancy, but not in other organs tested. This expression pattern strongly suggests that they represent counterparts of the human PSG subgroup members, despite the presence of multiple IgV-like domains, a feature not found for human PSGs. The more distantly related Cea-5 seems to be ubiquitously expressed. The putative promoter region of Cea-2 lacks typical TATA-or CAAT-boxes, but contains other conserved motifs that could play a role in the initiation of transcription.

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Molecular cloning of mouse placental lactogen cDNA.

Cited by 103 publications

References 32 publications

Placental-specific expression from the mouse placental lactogen II gene promoter.

Placental-specific expression from the mouse placental lactogen II gene promoter.

Functional growth hormone (GH) receptors and GH are expressed by preimplantation mouse embryos: A role for GH in early embryogenesis?

Characterization of murine carcinoembryonic antigen gene family members

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