Molecular cloning of major and minor allergens of Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum

Achatz, Gernot; Oberkofler, Hannes; Lechenauer, Erich; Simon, Birgit; Unger, Andrea; Kandler, Doris; Ebner, Christoph; Prillinger, Hansjörg; Kraft, Dietrich; Breitenbach, Michael

doi:10.1016/0161-5890(94)00108-d

Cited by 175 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Of the 25 potentially allergy-inducing Ascomycota genera found in our study, the three most common were Davidiella, Alternaria (a), and Didymella. Davidiella (anamorph: Cladosporium) and Alternaria (a), both saprophytes, are two of the most commonly found fungal allergens in the environment (Hjelmroos, 1993;Achatz et al, 1995). Didymella (anamorph: Stagonosporopsis) is known to be a human allergen as well as a plant pathogen, and spore levels have been tied to proximity to and seasonality of agricultural activity (Frankland and Gregory, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying airborne fungi in Seoul, Korea using metagenomics

Fong

Park

et al. 2014

J Microbiol.

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Fungal spores are widespread and common in the atmosphere. In this study, we use a metagenomic approach to study the fungal diversity in six total air samples collected from April to May 2012 in Seoul, Korea. This springtime period is important in Korea because of the peak in fungal spore concentration and Asian dust storms, although the year of this study (2012) was unique in that were no major Asian dust events. Clustering sequences for operational taxonomic unit (OTU) identification recovered 1,266 unique OTUs in the combined dataset, with between 223-396 OTUs present in individual samples. OTUs from three fungal phyla were identified. For Ascomycota, Davidiella (anamorph: Cladosporium) was the most common genus in all samples, often accounting for more than 50% of all sequences in a sample. Other common Ascomycota genera identified were Alternaria, Didymella, Khuskia, Geosmitha, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. While several Basidiomycota genera were observed, Chytridiomycota OTUs were only present in one sample. Consistency was observed within sampling days, but there was a large shift in species composition from Ascomycota dominant to Basidiomycota dominant in the middle of the sampling period. This marked change may have been caused by meteorological events. A potential set of 40 allergyinducing genera were identified, accounting for a large proportion of the diversity present (22.5-77.2%). Our study identifies high fungal diversity and potentially high levels of fungal allergens in springtime air of Korea, and provides a good baseline for future comparisons with Asian dust storms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying airborne fungi in Seoul, Korea using metagenomics

Fong

Park

et al. 2014

J Microbiol.

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“…Moreover, the use of a second antibody with wide selectivity to the human antibody subclass allows measurement of the total antibody titer to the Cladosporium antigen. Multiplicities in both antigen and antibody have been reported in HP, and there may be more than ten antigens in Cladosporium which are recognized as an allergen (Achatz 1995;Matsunaga et al 2003). Thus, IFA is the best method at present to measure anti-Cladosporium antibody for the purpose of differentiating fungus-related IPs from IIPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we showed possible antigenic cross-reactivity between Cladosporium cladospo rioides and Cladosporium herbarum. Furthermore, common antigens between Cladosporium and Alternaria have been reported, which indicates that we measured antibody titer to common antigens of a wide variety of fungi, and fewer fungal antigens may therefore be needed to differentiate HP from IIPs, as in the case of the IgE titer in BA (Achatz 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Prevalence of High Anti-<i>Cladosporium</i> Antibody Titers in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Watanuki

Okada

Chiba

et al. 2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) represent a large group of different diseases, with a large part comprising idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Differentiating hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), especially its chronic form and other ILDs, is difficult because of similarities in radiological manifestation and clinical course, and the difficulty of identifying causative antigens. We recently experienced a patient with Cladosporiuminduced chronic HP that developed in a household environment, but the cause had been misdiagnosed as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia for several years. This case highlighted the need for measures differentiating HP from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. In this study, we examined fungal exposure in ILDs using an antibody titer in serum to identify possible fungus-related HP. We measured the antibody titer to Cladosporium spp. in 34 patients with various ILDs, 17 patients with bronchial asthma, and 21 control subjects using an immunofluorescence assay. ILDs included HP (5 patients), idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (21 patients), and ILDs with collagen vascular diseases (8 patients). Results showed a significantly higher tendency for high anti-Cladosporium antibody titers in ILD groups (12 patients out of 34 patients), compared to patients with bronchial asthma (0/17) or control subjects (0/21). This increase in antibody titers was observed not only in patients with HP, but also in those with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and those exhibiting collagen vascular diseases with ILDs. This report highlights the pathogenic role of fungal antigens in various ILDs. In conclusion, fungi commonly observed in our living environment such as Cladosporium could be involved in the development of ILDs.

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“…Some genera of airborne fungal spores such as Altemaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium are found throughout the world (6). The airborne spores of these fungi are generally considered to be important cause of both allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most of the allergenic fungi are classified under Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes with a few in Basidiomycetes. However, only a few species such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum have been investigated systematically for their rote in causing allergy (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular biology and immunology of fungal allergens

Kurup

Banerjee

Kelly

et al. 2000

Indian J Clin Biochem

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Fungi are non-chlorophyllus microorganisms, which constitutes the main source of outdoor and indoor allergens. The antigens present in the spores and fragments of hyphae induce allergic responses in sensitized patients. The frequently recognized fungi associated with asthma include Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. With the advent of molecular biology techniques a number of fungal genes encoding relevant allergens have been cloned and the expressed allergens purified and characterized. In this review, we have presented the recent developments, where recombinant allergens have been used in the precise diagnosis of fungal allergy. We have also discussed the role played by these allergens and the T-and B-cell epitopes in the immune mechanism in fungal allergy.

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Molecular cloning of major and minor allergens of Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum

Cited by 175 publications

References 22 publications

Identifying airborne fungi in Seoul, Korea using metagenomics

Identifying airborne fungi in Seoul, Korea using metagenomics

Increased Prevalence of High Anti-<i>Cladosporium</i> Antibody Titers in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Molecular biology and immunology of fungal allergens

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