Molecular cloning of a maize gene involved in photosynthetic membrane organization that is regulated by Robertson's Mutator.

Martienssen, Rob; Barkan, Alice; Freeling, Michael; Taylor, William C.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03553.x

Cited by 98 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The mechanisms causing the difference in the phenotype between sal1-1 and sal1-1Ј are currently unknown, but one possibility is that a second, independent enhancer mutation occurred in the sal1-1͞ϩ Mu-active plant used as a pollen donor for the sal1-1 lines. Alternatively, the doubleal1 phenotype may be caused by a suppression of the Mu-insertion allele, a phenomenon that has been reported for several other Mu-insertion alleles (24)(25)(26). The sal1-2 allele was identified by using the sequence information from the cloning of the sal1-1 allele in a reverse-genetics experiment on DNA from the TUSC population ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

sal1 determines the number of aleurone cell layers in maize endosperm and encodes a class E vacuolar sorting protein

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

109

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A microscopy-based screen of a large collection of maize Mutator (Mu) transposon lines identified the supernumerary aleurone layers 1-1 (sal1-1) mutant line carrying up to seven layers of aleurone cells in defective kernel endosperm compared with only a single layer in wild-type grains. Normal, well filled endosperm that is homozygous for the sal1-1 mutant allele contains two to three layers of aleurone cells. Cloning of the sal1 gene was accomplished by using Mu tagging, and the identity of the cloned gene was confirmed by isolating an independent sal1-2 allele by reverse genetics. Homozygous sal1-2 endosperm has two to three layers of aleurone cells in normal, well filled grains. In situ hybridization experiments reveal that the sal1 gene is ubiquitously expressed in vegetative as well as zygotic grain tissues, with no difference being detected between aleurone cells and starchy endosperm cells. Northern blot analysis failed to detect the sal1-2 transcript in leaves of homozygous plants, suggesting that the allele is a true sal1 knockout allele. The sal1 gene encodes a homologue of the human Chmp1 gene, a member of the conserved family of the class E vacuolar protein sorting genes implicated in membrane vesicle trafficking. In mammals, CHMP1 functions in the pathway targeting plasma membrane receptors and ligands to lysosomes for proteolytic degradation. Possible roles for the function of the sal1 gene in aleurone signaling, including a defect in endosome trafficking, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

sal1 determines the number of aleurone cell layers in maize endosperm and encodes a class E vacuolar sorting protein

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

109

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“…The first states that grana form as an inevitable consequence of surface charges on the thylakoid membrane (Barber, 1980). The second suggests that there has to be heterogeneity of PSI and PSII within the thylakoids (Martienssen et al, 1989). The third results from studies of barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutants and invokes the existence of a stabilizing factor that promotes thylakoid stacking (Simpson et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conserved Transcription Factor Mediates Nuclear Control of Organelle Biogenesis in Anciently Diverged Land Plants

2005

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Land plant chloroplasts evolved from those found in the green algae. During land plant evolution, nuclear regulatory mechanisms have been modified to produce morphologically and functionally diverse chloroplasts in distinct developmental contexts. At least some of these mechanisms evolved independently in different plant lineages. In angiosperms, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate the development of at least three chloroplast types. To determine whether GLK-mediated regulation of chloroplast development evolved within angiosperms or is a plesiomorphy within land plants, gene function was examined in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Gene expression patterns and loss-of-function mutant phenotypes suggested that GLK gene function is conserved between P. patens and Arabidopsis thaliana, species that diverged >400 million years ago. In support of this suggestion, moss genes partially complement Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants. Therefore, GLK-mediated regulation of chloroplast development defines one of the most ancient conserved regulatory mechanisms identified in the plant kingdom.

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“…Total leaf RNA was purified from 10-day-old seedlings as described by Martienssen et al (1989). RNA was fractionated in agaroseformaldehyde gels as described previously (Barkan, 1988), transferred to nylon membrane by capillary blotting, and fixed to the membrane by UV cross-linking.…”

Section: Rna Gel Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Mutants of Maize with Defects in Chloroplast Polysome Assembly Have Altered Chloroplast RNA Metabolism

Barkan¹

1993

The Plant Cell

144

185

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The molecular basis for the photosynthetic defect in four nuclear mutants of maize was investigated. Mutants hcf7, cpsl-1, cpsí-2, and cps2 contained reduced levels of many chloroplast-encoded proteins without corresponding deficiencies in chloroplast mRNAs. Many chloroplast mRNAs were associated with abnormally few ribosomes, indicating that the protein deficiencies were due to global defects in chloroplast translation. These mutants were used to study the effects of reduced ribosome association on the metabolism of chloroplast RNAs. The level of the fbcL mRNA was reduced fourfold in each mutant, but was unaltered in other nonphotosynthetic mutants with normal chloroplast translation. These results suggest that the rbcL mRNA is destabilized as a consequence of its decreased association with ribosomes. The fact that many other chloroplast mRNAs accumulated to normal levels demonstrated that a decreased association with ribosomes does not significantly alter their stabilities or processing. hcf7 seedlings had a gross defect in the processing of the 16s rRNA: the primary lesion in this mutant may be a defect in 16s rRNA processing itself.

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Molecular cloning of a maize gene involved in photosynthetic membrane organization that is regulated by Robertson's Mutator.

Cited by 98 publications

References 28 publications

sal1 determines the number of aleurone cell layers in maize endosperm and encodes a class E vacuolar sorting protein

sal1 determines the number of aleurone cell layers in maize endosperm and encodes a class E vacuolar sorting protein

A Conserved Transcription Factor Mediates Nuclear Control of Organelle Biogenesis in Anciently Diverged Land Plants

Nuclear Mutants of Maize with Defects in Chloroplast Polysome Assembly Have Altered Chloroplast RNA Metabolism

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