We generated 436 expressed sequence tags (EST) from a Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel), kidney cDNA library. Of these, 233 EST (53.4%) showed no homology to known genes, while 203 EST (46.6%) showed homology to known genes and transcripts. Bio-defence-related cDNAs identified from kidney were ikaros, an immunogloblin light chain and several heat shock proteins. Of the other related EST, 57 were homologous to 27 different ribosomal-related proteins and rRNA genes, 2 different mitochondrial genes and the remaining 77 encoded 36 different identified genes.