Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Catalase in Stress Physiology, Innate Immunity, Testicular Development, Metamorphosis, and Cryopreserved Sperm of Pacific Abalone

Abstract

Catalase is a crucial enzyme of the antioxidant defense system responsible for the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the molecular regulation of catalase (Hdh-CAT) in stress physiology, innate immunity, testicular development, metamorphosis, and cryopreserved sperm of Pacific abalone. Hdh-CAT gene was cloned from the digestive gland (DG) of Pacific abalone. The 2894 bp sequence of Hdh-CAT had an open reading frame of 1506 bp encoding 501 deduced amino acids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed Hdh-CAT localization in the digestive tubules of the DG. Hdh-CAT was induced by different types of stress including thermal stress, H2O2 induction, and starvation. Immune challenges with Vibrio, lipopolysaccharides, and polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid sodium salt also upregulated Hdh-CAT mRNA expression and catalase activity. Hdh-CAT responded to cadmium induced-toxicity by increasing mRNA expression and catalase activity. Elevated seasonal temperature also altered Hdh-CAT mRNA expression. Hdh-CAT mRNA expression was relatively higher at the trochophore larvae stage of metamorphosis. Cryopreserved sperm showed significantly lower Hdh-CAT mRNA expression levels compared with fresh sperm. Hdh-CAT mRNA expression showed a relationship with the production of ROS. These results suggest that Hdh-CAT might play a role in stress physiology, innate immunity, testicular development, metamorphosis, and sperm cryo-tolerance of Pacific abalone.

Biochemical Basis of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Native Isolates of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Balsamo) Vuillemin from Kerala

“…Catalases are the most important enzymes for turning hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into water and oxygen, which reduces the levels of H 2 O 2 inside the cells. The hydroxyl radical, which is the most dangerous reactive oxygen species and can destroy all adjacent biomolecules, is assumed to be the principal cause of the damaging effects of H 2 O 2 (Hossen et al, 2023).…”

Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Organisms

“…Taxonomically, these papers cover freshwater fish ( Carassius auratus [ 4 ], Monopterus albus [ 5 ], Ictalurus punctatus [ 6 ], Megalobrama amblycephala [ 7 ], Micropterus salmoides [ 8 ], Lateolabrax maculatus [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], Carassius gibelio [ 13 , 14 ], Aplodinotus grunniens [ 15 ], Pangasianodon hypophthalmus [ 16 ], Danio rerio [ 17 ], and hybrid grouper [ 18 ]), marine fish ( Scophthalus maximus [ 19 ]), crustaceans ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], Litopenaeus vannamei [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], Penaeus monodon [ 26 ], Scylla paramamosain [ 27 ], and Eriocheir sinensis [ 28 ]), and molluscs ( Crassostrea hongkongensis [ 29 ], Trachinotus ovatus [ 30 ], and Pacific abalone [ 31 ]). Meanwhile, these papers reveal several endogenous and exogenous factors that induce oxidative stress, such as environmental factors (water hardness [ 4 ], chronic hyperthermia [ 6 ], acute hypoxic stress [ 10 ], acute ammonia nitrogen [ 12 ], hypothermia [ 15 ], low salinity [ 23 ], and ammonia-N-stress [ 26 ]), nutritional factors (high carbohydrate levels [ 5 ], oxidized lipids [ 7 ], high-fat diet [ 12 , 20 ], and lipopolysaccharide [ 29 ...…”

“…Therapeutically, some papers have also explored some medicines or immunostimulants to resist oxidative stress, such as herbal medicine (mulberry leaf flavonoids [ 5 ], emodin [ 7 ], berberine [ 17 ], Sophora flavescens root extract [ 19 ], and tea tree oil [ 22 ]), nutritional stimulants ( Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide [ 9 ], taurine alleviates [ 13 ], histamine [ 16 , 18 ], vitamin E [ 20 ], β-Glucan [ 23 ], krill oil [ 24 ], and zinc [ 25 ]), antibiotics (florfenicol and ofloxacin [ 21 ]), and feeding administration (feed restriction [ 6 ]). Additionally, the full length of antioxidant genes was also cloned to analyze their functional responses to oxidative stress, such as glutaredoxin [ 26 ] and catalase [ 31 ].…”

“…Results showed that S. agalactiae could activate TNF-α/NF-κB signaling in the liver to induce defense and immune responses. Hossen et al [ 31 ] cloned the full length of catalase (Hdh-CAT) and found Hdh-CAT was induced by thermal stress, H 2 O 2 induction, starvation, cadmium and immune challenges with Vibrio, lipopolysaccharides and polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid sodium salt in P. abalone .…”

“…cloned to analyze their functional responses to oxidative stress, such as glutaredoxin [26] and catalase [31].…”