Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a β-Glucosidase Gene to Produce Platycodin D in Platycodon grandiflorus

Su, Xinglong; Meng, Fancheng; Liu, Yingying; Jiang, Weimin; Wang, Zhaojian; Wu, Liping; Guo, Xiaohu; Yao, Xiaoyan; Wu, Jing; Sun, Zongping; Zha, Liangping; Gui, Shuangying; Peng, Daiyin; Xing, Shihai

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.955628

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…About 89 known saponins were extracted from Platycodon grandi orus. The glycosyl ligands in Platycodon saponins are mainly composed of D-glucose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-apposite and their derivatives [9,10,11]. It has been reported that Platycodon grandi orus saponin can attenuate the speci city of NF-κB and STAT1 by inhibiting Nrf2/ARE-mediated heme oxygenase-1 simultaneously [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platycodon grandiflorus saponin alleviates MSU-induced gouty arthritis based on NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway

Sun

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Platycodon grandiflorus is a homologous material of traditional medicine and food. Besides a pickle, more importantly, it can also be used in traditional Chinese medicine as an alternative to modern western. Various studies have found that saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus (PGS) can play a role in different diseases (including liver cancer, lung cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases) as the main chemical constituents. However, studies on the treatment of gout arthritis by PGS are not reported, and the mechanism has not been speculated and elucidated systematically. This study describes the anti-inflammatory agent of PGS in treating gouty arthritis by characterizing the degree of joint swelling, inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), peroxides (SOD, MDA, GSH-PX), histopathology and related proteins. The results show that when MSU is injected into the joint, it activates the NLRP3 protein to bind to caspase-1 via ASC to form the NLRP3 inflammatory conjugate, which undergoes a series of changes to promote the release of inflammatory factors causing joint swelling and pain. Therefore, the same as colchicine, PGS can effectively reduce the swelling degree, level of inflammatory factors, and related protein expression while diminishing oxidative stress levels. This study lays the foundation for treating gout arthritis by PGS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platycodon grandiflorus saponin alleviates MSU-induced gouty arthritis based on NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway

Sun

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Identification and functional characterization of two trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases and one squalene synthase involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus

Yu,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Planta

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Platycodon D reduces obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet through inhibiting intestinal fat absorption

Tang,

Yang,

Peng

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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BackgroundPlatycodin D (PD) has been reported to treat metabolic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, platycodin D has been reported to activate intestinal 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels, thereby reducing lipid absorption. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore whether PD activation of intestinal AMPK and reduced lipid absorption can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsClean-grade male C57/BL mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (containing 60% calories) for 16 weeks, and oral PD (10 mg/kg/day) was administered at the same time. The liver and intestines were the collected, and the intestines were tested. The expressions of lipid absorption genes (CD36, NPC1L1, and ApoB), the serum total triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the intestines and livers, the fecal free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the expression of AMPK phosphorylated proteins in the intestines were examined using Western blot analyses. The lipid distribution in the livers, intestines, and fat was detected using Oil Red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. A colon cancer cell line (Caco2) was used to confirm the effect of PD on the cellular lipid uptake in vitro. In addition, serum inflammatory factors and liver enzymes were measured to clarify the impact of PD on the circulation of metabolic syndrome. Leptin-deficient mice (OB) were then used to further explore the improvement of PD on body weight and blood lipids.ResultsPD had a very significant therapeutic or preventive effect on metabolic syndrome and fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet. PD improved body weight, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet and also prevented non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, reduced blood lipid levels, and increased fecal lipid excretion. In addition, PD reduced lipid absorption by activating the intestinal AMPK protein, which may have involved the inhibition of the gene expression levels of intestinal lipid absorption genes (CD36, NPC1L1, and ApoB). The combined effect of these factors improved hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue. It was further found that PD also improved the body weights and blood lipid levels of leptin-deficient mice (OB) mice.ConclusionPD had a very strong therapeutic effect on mice under a high-fat diet. PD reduced high-fat diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting intestinal fat absorption.

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Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a β-Glucosidase Gene to Produce Platycodin D in Platycodon grandiflorus

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Platycodon grandiflorus saponin alleviates MSU-induced gouty arthritis based on NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway

Platycodon grandiflorus saponin alleviates MSU-induced gouty arthritis based on NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway

Identification and functional characterization of two trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases and one squalene synthase involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus

Platycodon D reduces obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet through inhibiting intestinal fat absorption

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