Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Elongase in a Marine Bivalve &lt;i&gt;Crassostrea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;angulata&lt;/i&gt;

Zhang, Hongkuan; Liu, Helu; Cheng, Dewei; Liu, Hongxing; Zheng, Huaiping

doi:10.12691/jfnr-6-2-4

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…This protein was termed "Elovl5/2" or "Elovl2/5" (Monroig et al 2013b(Monroig et al , 2016bLiu et al 2013) based on its phylogenetic relationship with the vertebrate Elovl2 and Elovl5 elongases. Similar proteins were subsequently characterised from S. officinalis (Monroig et al 2016a), C. nobilis (Liu et al 2013) and Crassostrea angulata (Zhang et al 2018). Regarding its function, the mollusc Elovl2/5 can efficiently elongate C 18-20 PUFA substrates, but has no activity towards C 22 substrates.…”

Section: Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Desaturases and elongases involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic invertebrates: a comprehensive review

2018

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Invertebrates represent a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the ocean. In recent years, invertebrates have been well-consolidated models in evolutionary developmental biology research and, consequently, genomic and transcriptomic sequence databases from a plethora of species across the animal kingdom have become available. This has provided an excellent source of evidence confirming that invertebrates operate endogenous mechanisms for PUFA production. The present paper reviews the current knowledge of gene complement and, where possible, the function of desaturases and elongases with pivotal roles in PUFA biosynthesis of aquatic invertebrates. More specifically, this review covers three major enzyme types, namely ωx desaturases, front-end desaturases and elongases, that have been characterised from species of sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, rotifers, echinoderms and non-vertebrate chordates (amphioxus and sea squirt). These studies have shown that invertebrates operate alternative and unusual pathways of PUFA biosynthesis involving gene families with complex phylogeny and functional diversity. Consequently, research in this area provides potentially valuable molecular tools in the form of genes that can be used in the biotechnological production of n-3 products.

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Section: Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Desaturases and elongases involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic invertebrates: a comprehensive review

2018

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“…However, in conditions of a PUFA deficiency in animals living in extreme environmental conditions, for example, in deep-sea ecosystems, there is no compensation for this deficiency by endogenous synthesis of PUFAs. As a result, a low content of PUFAs in mollusks or their absence is observed with the simultaneous compensatory increase in the number of NMI FAs [116,[135][136][137][138][139]. There is ample evidence of the increase in NMI FAs with a shortage of PUFA [71,76,119,140].…”

Section: Dietary Source Of Pufas Versus Own Biosynthetic Capability Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Zhukova

2019

Biomolecules

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The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) families are essential for important physiological processes. Their major source are marine ecosystems. The fatty acids (FAs) from phytoplankton, which are the primary producer of organic matter and PUFAs, are transferred into consumers via food webs. Mollusk FAs have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and their importance as sources of essential PUFAs. The main objective of this review is to focus on the most important factors and causes determining the biodiversity of the mollusk FAs, with an emphasis on the key relationship of these FAs with the food spectrum and trophic preference. The marker FAs of trophic sources are also of particular interest. The discovery of new symbioses involving invertebrates and bacteria, which are responsible for nutrition of the host, deserves special attention. The present paper also highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine mollusks. The biosynthetic capacities of marine mollusks require a well-grounded evaluation.Biomolecules 2019, 9, 857 2 of 25 consumers and food consumed, and, therefore, FA can be used as efficient and useful biomarkers for the study of trophic interactions between organisms in aquatic ecosystems [5,6].However, information about the endogenous mechanisms of marine invertebrates responsible for synthesis of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs is still being accumulated. Recent researches have shown the potential of some marine mollusks for endogenous synthesis of long chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) [7][8][9]. Based on the transcriptome and genome sequences, as well as various publicly available databases, a number of novel fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) and elongations of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) genes have been identified from the major orders of the phylum Mollusca, suggesting that many mollusks possess most of the required enzymes for the synthesis of long chain LC-PUFAs [10]. The question whether these findings of the desaturase sequences in invertebrate species really cast doubt on the idea that the organic matter is transferred along the food chains, and thus the existence of trophic links between primary producers and consumers and the relationship of the FA composition of animals and the FA composition of food, are currently under discussion [8].Mollusk FA have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and in trophic food webs, as well as by their importance as sources of essential FAs with important impacts on human health [11]. Among marine animals, mollusks are especially important as a source of PUFAs (after fish). Many members of the phylum Mollusca, commonly known as clams and snails, are traditional seafood items in human diets, and rich in essential PUFAs. The edible mollusks are commercially harvested and cultured [12]. Marine bivalve mollusks are highly appreciated, partly because of their positive effects on human health ...

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“…Two different types of Elovl with roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis have been characterized from marine molluscs. More specifically, an enzyme called "Elovl2/5", regarded as an ancestral protein of the vertebrate Elovl2 and Elovl5 [16], has been characterized from the cephalopods Octopus vulgaris and Sepia officinalis [17,18], and the bivalves Chlamys nobilis and Crassostrea angulate [19,20]. Furthermore, Elovl4 orthologs have been characterized from C. nobilis and O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity

Ran

Liao

et al. 2019

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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As an unusual economically important aquaculture species, Sinonovacula constricta possesses high levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Previously, our group identified fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) with Δ5 and Δ6 activities in S. constricta, which was the first report of Δ6 Fad in a marine mollusc. Here, we further successfully characterize elongases of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) in this important bivalve species, including one Elovl2/5, two Elovl4 isoforms (a and b) and a novel Elovl (c) with Elovl4 activity. In addition, we also determined the desaturation activity of S. constricta Δ6 Fad toward 24:5n-3 to give 24:6n-3, a key intermediate in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis. Therefore, S. constricta is the first marine mollusc reported to possess all Fad and Elovl activities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis via the 'Sprecher pathway'. This finding greatly increases our understanding of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine molluscs. Phylogenetic analysis by interrogating six marine molluscan genomes, and previously functionally characterized Elovl and Fad from marine molluscs, suggested that DHA biosynthetic ability was limited to a few species, due to the general lack of Δ4 or Δ6 Fad in most molluscs.

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Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Elongase in a Marine Bivalve <i>Crassostrea</i><i> </i><i>angulata</i>

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Desaturases and elongases involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic invertebrates: a comprehensive review

Desaturases and elongases involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic invertebrates: a comprehensive review

Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential

Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity

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