Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa

Fukuda, Atsunori; Nakamura, Atsuko; Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00065-2

Cited by 198 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…3). Some reports show upregulation of NHX genes, 22,56,[72][73][74][75][76][77]79,80,99 increased protein abundance 56,[74][75][76] or regulation at protein activity level. 46,100 Garbarino and co-workers 97,100 have shown that the inducible Na + /H + antiporter activity observed in tonoplast from barley roots grown in the presence of NaCl was due to activation of an existing protein rather than to de novo protein synthesis, since the rapid induction was observed in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis.…”

Section: Regulation Of V-h + -Ppase and V-h + -Atpase Activity By Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71 The first plant Na + /H + antiporter, AtNHX1, was isolated from Arabidopsis by functional genetic complementation of a yeast mutant defective for endosomal Na + / H + activity, 21,22 and its overexpression suppressed some of the saltsensitive phenotypes of the nhx1 yeast strain. 22 Since then, several Na + /H + antiporter genes have been characterized in plants such as rice, 72,73 Atriplex gmelini, 74 B. vulgaris, 75 Brassica napus, 76 cotton, 77 wheat [78][79][80] and grapevine. 81 Six AtNHX isoforms were found in Arabidopsis, and for five of them Na + /H + transport activity has been demonstrated 82,83 (Fig.…”

Section: Regulation Of V-h + -Ppase and V-h + -Atpase Activity By Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange

Silva

Gerós

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

163

102

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Over the last decades several efforts have been carried out to determine the mechanisms of salt homeostasis in plants and, more recently, to identify genes implicated in salt tolerance, with some plants being successfully genetically engineered to improve resistance to salt. It is well established that the efficient exclusion of Na + excess from the cytoplasm and vacuolar Na + accumulation are the most important steps towards the maintenance of ion homeostasis inside the cell. Therefore, the vacuole of plant cells plays a pivotal role in the storage of salt. After the identification of the vacuolar Na + /H + antiporter Nhx1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first plant Na + /H + antiporter, AtNHX1, was isolated from Arabidopsis and its overexpression resulted in plants exhibiting increased salt tolerance. Also, the identification of the plasma membrane Na + /H + exchanger SOS1 and how it is regulated by a protein kinase SOS2 and a calcium binding protein SOS3 were great achievements in the understanding of plant salt resistance.

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Section: Regulation Of V-h + -Ppase and V-h + -Atpase Activity By Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of V-h + -Ppase and V-h + -Atpase Activity By Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange

Silva

Gerós

2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

163

102

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“…In plants, the Na + /H + antiporter in the plasma and vacuolar membrane pumps excessive Na + from the cytosol or compartmentalizes it into tonoplasts to maintain higher K + /Na + ratios in the cytoplasm, protecting cells from sodium toxicity (Fukuda et al, 1999;Xia et al, 2002). Na + /H + antiporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that mediate Na + homeostasis and catalyze the exchange of Na + for H + across membranes (Apse et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Na + /H + antiporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that mediate Na + homeostasis and catalyze the exchange of Na + for H + across membranes (Apse et al, 1999). Recently, many Na + /H + antiporter genes have been identified and characterized in various plant species, including Arbidopsis thaliana (Apse et al, 1999), Oryza sativa (Fukuda et al, 1999), alfalfa (An et al, 2008), Salsola soda , Chrysanthemum crassum (Song et al, 2012), Cucumis sativus (Wang et al, 2013), and Zea mays (Pitann et al, 2013). The primary function conferring salt tolerance of these genes had been manifested by transgenic events in many plants (Asif et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2011;Uliaie et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2012;Yarra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicornia europaea L. Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Zhang¹,

Niu²,

Huridu³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. In order to obtain a salt-tolerant perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), we transferred the halophyte Salicornia europaea L. Na + /H + antiporter gene, SeNHX1, to alfalfa by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The transformants were confirmed by both PCR and RT-PCR analyses. Of 197 plants that were obtained after transformation, 36 were positive by PCR analysis using 2 primer pairs for the CaMV35S-SeNHX1 and SeNHX1-Nos fragments; 6 plants survived in a greenhouse. RT-PCR analysis revealed that SeNHX1 was expressed in 5 plants. The resultant transgenic alfalfa had better salt tolerance. After stress treatment for 21 days with 0.6% NaCl, the chlorophyll and MDA contents in transgenic plants were lower, but proline content and SOD, POD, and CAT activities were higher than those in wild-type plants. These results suggest that the salt tolerance of transgenic alfalfa was improved by the overexpression of the SeNHX1 gene.

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“…Expression of NHX1 is induced by salinity and ABA in Arabidopsis (72,73), rice (74) and cotton (75). The expression level of NHX1 is correlated with genotypic differences in salt tolerance in cotton (75).…”

Section: Sodium Compartmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

Chinnusamy

Zhu

Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods

230

151

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INTRODUCTIONSoil salinity of agricultural land has led to the breakdown of ancient civilizations.Even today it threatens agricultural productivity in 77 mha of agricultural land, of which 45 mha (20% of irrigated area) is irrigated and 32 mha (2.1% of dry land) is unirrigated (1). Salinization is further spreading in irrigated land because of improper management of irrigation and drainage. Rain, cyclones and wind also add NaCl into the coastal agricultural land. Soil salinity often leads to the development of other problems in soils such as soil sodicity and alkalinity. Soil sodicity is the result of the binding of Na + to the negatively charged clay particles, which leads to clay swelling and dispersal. Hydrolysis of the Na-clay complex results in soil alkalinity. Thus, soil salinity is a major factor limiting sustainable agriculture.The USDA salinity laboratory defines saline soil as having electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC e ) of 4 dS m -1 (1 dS m -1 is approximately equal to 10 mM NaCl) or more. High concentrations of soluble salts such as chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium contribute to the high electrical conductivity of saline soils.NaCl contributes to most of the soluble salts in saline soil.The development of salinity-tolerant crops is the need of the hour to sustain agricultural production. Conventional breeding programs aimed at improving crop tolerance to salinity have limited success because of the complexity of the trait (2). Slow progress in breeding for salt-tolerant crops can be attributed to the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Understanding the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance will also help improve drought and extreme-temperature-stress tolerance, since osmotic and oxidative stresses are common to these abiotic stresses. The salt-2 tolerant mechanisms of plants can be broadly described as ion homeostasis, osmotic homeostasis, stress damage control and repair, and growth regulation (3). This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding salt-stress signaling and breeding/genetic engineering for salt -tolerant crops. EFFECT OF SALINITY ON PLANT DEVELOPMENTSalinity affects almost all aspects of plant development, including germination, vegetative growth and reproductive development. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on plants.Salinity also indirectly limits plant productivity through its adverse effects on the growth of beneficial and symbiotic microbes. High salt concentrations in soil impose osmotic stress and thus limit water uptake from soil. Sodium accumulation in cell walls can rapidly lead to osmotic stress and cell death (1). Ion toxicity is the result of replacement of K + by Na + in biochemical reactions, and Na + and Cl --induced conformational changes in proteins. For several enzymes, K + acts as cofactor and cannot be substituted by Na + .High K + concentration is also required for binding tRNA to ribosomes and thus protein synt...

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Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa

Cited by 198 publications

References 31 publications

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange

Salicornia europaea L. Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

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Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa

Cited by 198 publications

References 31 publications

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase activities and Na+/H+exchange

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase activities and Na+/H+exchange

Salicornia europaea L. Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

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Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange

Regulation by salt of vacuolar H⁺-ATPase and H⁺-pyrophosphatase activities and Na⁺/H⁺exchange