Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine Mx2 gene

Morozumi, Takeya; Naito, Tadasuke; Lan, Pham Doan; Nakajima, Emiko; Mitsuhashi, T.; Mikawa, Satoshi; Hayashi, Takeshi; Awata, Takashi; Uenishi, Hirohide; Nagata, Kyosuke; Watanabe, Tomomasa; Hamasima, Noriyuki

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.09.019

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The antiviral potency of Mx proteins of pigs is still insufficiently characterized [31]–[33]. In the present reconstitution assay using HEK293T cells, porcine Mx1 ( Sus scrofa domestica ) decreased the H5N1 polymerase activity to 50% (Figure 5B), whereas human MxA reduced the activity to approximately 10% (Figure 5A), despite similar expression levels of both Mx proteins (Figure 5C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pandemic Influenza A Viruses Escape from Restriction by Human MxA through Adaptive Mutations in the Nucleoprotein

et al. 2013

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The interferon-induced dynamin-like MxA GTPase restricts the replication of influenza A viruses. We identified adaptive mutations in the nucleoprotein (NP) of pandemic strains A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 (1918) and A/Hamburg/4/2009 (pH1N1) that confer MxA resistance. These resistance-associated amino acids in NP differ between the two strains but form a similar discrete surface-exposed cluster in the body domain of NP, indicating that MxA resistance evolved independently. The 1918 cluster was conserved in all descendent strains of seasonal influenza viruses. Introduction of this cluster into the NP of the MxA-sensitive influenza virus A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/04 (H5N1) resulted in a gain of MxA resistance coupled with a decrease in viral replication fitness. Conversely, introduction of MxA-sensitive amino acids into pH1N1 NP enhanced viral growth in Mx-negative cells. We conclude that human MxA represents a barrier against zoonotic introduction of avian influenza viruses and that adaptive mutations in the viral NP should be carefully monitored.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pandemic Influenza A Viruses Escape from Restriction by Human MxA through Adaptive Mutations in the Nucleoprotein

et al. 2013

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“…MX proteins were interferon‐inducible myxovirus dynamin‐like GTPase and widely exit in many mammals, such as sheep, pigs, and horse . Human have two MX proteins—MXA and MXB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MX proteins were interferon-inducible myxovirus dynamin-like GTPase and widely exit in many mammals, such as sheep, pigs, and horse. 31 protein encoded by MX2 gene was an interferon-induced restriction factor of HIV-1. [19][20][21] However, few studies have been done to explore whether the expression level of MX2 gene was related with tumorigenesis and progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of human MX2 gene suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via ERK/P38/NF‐κB pathway in glioblastoma cells

Wang

Guan

Yang

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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In human, there are two myxovirus resistance genes—MX1 and MX2, which respectively encode MXA and MXB protein. For MXB, it was traditionally deemed to work in the progression of cell cycle and adjustment of nuclear import. Thus, we speculated that it might play important roles in tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily explore the underlying functions and mechanism of the MX2 gene on glioblastoma multiforme. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), and transwell experiments were to detect the relative MX2 mRNA level and its biological functions on glioma cells, respectively. The data displayed that MX2 was obviously downregulated both in glioblastoma (GBM) and GBM cell lines, meanwhile, its overexpression could markedly reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, implying that it was related with glioblastoma progression. In addition, the overall survival of patient with glioblastoma had a negative correlation with the MX2 expression. Then, Western blot indicated the potential mechanism of MX2 in glioblastoma. We found that MX2 overexpression could decrease the relative levels of phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2), p‐p38, and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), while have no effects on extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and lamin B1. Moreover, the influences of MX2 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion could be weakened by the three inhibitors (PD98059, SB203580, and (pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl) dithiocarbamate [PDTC]). These results implied that MX2 might suppress the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells by manipulating the ERK/P38/NF‐κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, MX2 is potential to be a new marker used for glioblastoma prognosis or a new target for glioblastoma treatments.

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“…cMx1 and cMx2 have been shown to be localized in the cytoplasm, and an inhibitory activity against vesicular stomatitis virus was detected for cMx2 (Nakamura et al, 2005). However, the mechanism of anti-influenza activity of Mx proteins is not well understood (Haller et al, 2009) and species-specific differences in anti-influenza potential have been reported (Stertz et al, 2007;Benfield et al, 2008;Morozumi et al, 2009). Dogs had been regarded as nonsusceptible hosts to influenza A (Harder & Vahlenkamp, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High yields of influenza A virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are promoted by an insufficient interferon-induced antiviral state

Seitz

Frensing

Höper

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Molecular cloning and characterization of porcine Mx2 gene

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Pandemic Influenza A Viruses Escape from Restriction by Human MxA through Adaptive Mutations in the Nucleoprotein

Pandemic Influenza A Viruses Escape from Restriction by Human MxA through Adaptive Mutations in the Nucleoprotein

Overexpression of human MX2 gene suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via ERK/P38/NF‐κB pathway in glioblastoma cells

High yields of influenza A virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are promoted by an insufficient interferon-induced antiviral state

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