Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinoma: From Traditional, Old-Fashioned Way to A New Age, and A New Way

Abstract

Breast carcinoma comprises a group of diseases with specific clinical, histopathologic and molecular properties. Traditional classification use morphology to divide tumors into separate categories with differing behavior and prognosis. However, there are limitations of traditional classification systems, and new molecular methods are expected to improve classification systems. Molecular subtypes of breast carcinomas have been characterized in the last 11 years, and have been studied extensively. Much of the information accumulated in recent years, and molecular taxonomy seems to be still developing and undergoing change. The main question is whether new molecular techniques such as gene expression profiling will be accepted as gold standard in determining breast cancer subtypes, and whether molecular classification is useful in specific subtypes of breast cancer as it is in ductal carcinoma (nonspecific type). In addition, critical review of the literature reveals major problems such as poor definition, lack of reproducibility and lack of quality control in current molecular techniques and classifications. Therefore, current molecular approaches are not yet used in routine clinical practice and treatment guidance since they are immature and can even lead to incorrect assessment.

Üçlü negatif meme kanserlerinin klinik ve demografik verileri-tek merkez deneyimi

“…Bunlar: Luminal tip A ve B, Normal, HER-2 pozitif meme kanseri ve bazal hücre benzeri meme kanserleridir. 1 Bazal hücre benzeri meme kanserleri normal meme dokusunda bulunan bazal veya myoepitelyal hücrelerin özelliklerini taşır ve agresif seyirlidir. Çoğu yüksek dereceli olup proliferasyon indeksi yüksektir.…”

“…Meme kanseri, kadınlarda en sık görülen kanser türü olup, tüm kanserlerin yaklaşık %25-%30`unu oluşturarak akciğer kanserlerinden sonra ikinci sırada yer alır. 1 Kansere bağlı mortalitenin %18'inden sorumludur. Uzun yıllar histoloji ve morfolojinin ön planda iken, günümüzde aynı histolojik bulgulara sahip olup aynı tedavi uygulanan hastaların seyirlerinin farklı olabildiği görülmüş, ve bu nedenle morfolojinin yanı sıra moleküler belirteçlerin de prognoz üzerine etkileri dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır.…”

Evaluation of Vascular Proliferation in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

“…With the advancements of new molecular techniques, it has been demonstrated that breast cancer is not a single disease but a heterogeneous one that comprise various molecular phenotypes characterized by specific behavior and prognosis (17). Molecular classification divides patients into subgroups based on their various gene expression including luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and basallike tumors (17). This classification not only has a valuable contribution to the management of patients with this malignancy but also represents a step forward in the new era of personalized therapy.…”

Endogenous interaction profiling identifies DDX5 as an oncogenic coactivator of transcription factor Fra-1

“…Breast cancer is traditionally classified by the clinicopathologic features, including histopathological type, tumor grade and tumor stage (TNM), and biomarker receptor status, together with the characteristics of patients (e.g. age and menopausal status) [18,19].…”