Molecular characterization of varicella‐zoster virus clinical isolates from 2006 to 2008 in a tertiary care hospital, Dublin, Ireland, using different genotyping methods

Roycroft, Emma; Rose, Lisa; Scallan, Martina F.; Crowley, Brendan

doi:10.1002/jmv.23344

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…It is also unknown why these viruses should so readily coexist, though ecological mechanisms such as simultaneous transmission (codispersal), the availability of requisite resources, and/or shared benefits associated with host immunomodulation by one or more of these vi-ruses may explain the observed cooccurrence. Recombination is also a possible consequence of coinfection and is a common feature in the ecology and evolution of herpesviruses (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy To Estimate Unknown Viral Diversity in Mammals

Anthony

Epstein

Murray

et al. 2013

mBio

336

277

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The majority of emerging zoonoses originate in wildlife, and many are caused by viruses. However, there are no rigorous estimates of total viral diversity (here termed “virodiversity”) for any wildlife species, despite the utility of this to future surveillance and control of emerging zoonoses. In this case study, we repeatedly sampled a mammalian wildlife host known to harbor emerging zoonotic pathogens (the Indian Flying Fox, Pteropus giganteus) and used PCR with degenerate viral family-level primers to discover and analyze the occurrence patterns of 55 viruses from nine viral families. We then adapted statistical techniques used to estimate biodiversity in vertebrates and plants and estimated the total viral richness of these nine families in P. giganteus to be 58 viruses. Our analyses demonstrate proof-of-concept of a strategy for estimating viral richness and provide the first statistically supported estimate of the number of undiscovered viruses in a mammalian host. We used a simple extrapolation to estimate that there are a minimum of 320,000 mammalian viruses awaiting discovery within these nine families, assuming all species harbor a similar number of viruses, with minimal turnover between host species. We estimate the cost of discovering these viruses to be ~$6.3 billion (or ~$1.4 billion for 85% of the total diversity), which if annualized over a 10-year study time frame would represent a small fraction of the cost of many pandemic zoonoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy To Estimate Unknown Viral Diversity in Mammals

Anthony

Epstein

Murray

et al. 2013

mBio

336

277

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Targeted Genome Sequencing Reveals Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 12 Deletion

Cohrs

Damron

Beach

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The neurotropic herpesvirus varicella-zoster virus (VZV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in humans following primary infection. The low abundance of VZV nucleic acids in human neurons has hindered an understanding of the mechanisms that regulate viral gene transcription during latency. To overcome this critical barrier, we optimized a targeted capture protocol to enrich VZV DNA and cDNA prior to whole-genome/transcriptome sequence analysis. Since the VZV genome is remarkably stable, it was surprising to detect that VZV32, a VZV laboratory strain with no discernible growth defect in tissue culture, contained a 2,158-bp deletion in open reading frame (ORF) 12. Consequently, ORF 12 and 13 protein expression was abolished and Akt phosphorylation was inhibited. The discovery of the ORF 12 deletion, revealed through targeted genome sequencing analysis, points to the need to authenticate the VZV genome when the virus is propagated in tissue culture. Viruses isolated from clinical samples often undergo genetic modifications when cultured in the laboratory. Historically, VZV is among the most genetically stable herpesviruses, a notion supported by more than 60 complete genome sequences from multiple isolates and following multiple passages. However, application of enrichment protocols to targeted genome sequencing revealed the unexpected deletion of a significant portion of VZV ORF 12 following propagation in cultured human fibroblast cells. While the enrichment protocol did not introduce bias in either the virus genome or transcriptome, the findings indicate the need for authentication of VZV by sequencing when the virus is propagated in tissue culture.

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Varicella Zoster Virus Genotyping in Chickenpox Patient’s Clinical Isolates From Iran

et al. 2016

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Aim: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and zoster infections. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of VZV genotypes among Iranian patients. Materials & methods: From 2010 to 2015, 244 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, 45 of whom were positive for VZV DNA. Both direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were performed for 19 positive specimens. SPSS v.20 was used for statistics. Results: The predominant VZV genotype was M1 (84.2%) followed by genotype E (10.5%) and genotype J (5.3%). Restriction fragment length polymorphism demonstrated that 17 strains were PstI+ BglI+ (M1 and/or J genotypes) and 2 were PstI+ BglI- (E genotype). Conclusion: This research is a prelim study on VZV genotyping. Further investigations will help to confirm the VZV genotype prevalence reported here.

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Molecular characterization of varicella‐zoster virus clinical isolates from 2006 to 2008 in a tertiary care hospital, Dublin, Ireland, using different genotyping methods

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

A Strategy To Estimate Unknown Viral Diversity in Mammals

A Strategy To Estimate Unknown Viral Diversity in Mammals

Targeted Genome Sequencing Reveals Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 12 Deletion

Varicella Zoster Virus Genotyping in Chickenpox Patient’s Clinical Isolates From Iran

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