Molecular characterization of transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts

Flechner, Anke; Dressen, Uta; Westhoff, Peter; Henze, Katrin; Schnarrenberger, Claus; Martin, William

doi:10.1007/bf00019099

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…4), suggesting that p76 is a polypeptide derived from a TKL in C. littorale. This inference is further supported by the fact that the molecular mass of 76 kDa resembles those of TKL subunits (around 74 kDa) reported in higher plants, such as Craterostigma plantagineum (Bernacchia et al 1995) and spinach chloroplast (Flechner et al 1996, Teige et al 1998. By Western blot analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Chloramphenicol on Photosynthesis, Protein Profiles and Transketolase Activity under Extremely High CO2 Concentration in an Extremely-high-CO2-tolerant Green Microalga, Chlorococcum littorale

Satoh¹,

Kurano²,

Harayama³

et al. 2004

Plant and Cell Physiology

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;An extremely-high-CO 2 -tolerant alga, Chlorococcum littorale, showed high quantum efficiency of PSII (Φ II ) in the light at 40% CO 2 , as well as at 5% CO 2 . However, Φ II decreased greatly when chloramphenicol (CAP) was added at 40% CO 2 , while no such decrease was observed at 5% CO 2 . Cycloheximide showed no effect on Φ II at either 5% or 40% CO 2 . The amount of a 76 kDa polypeptide (p76) on SDS-PAGE decreased markedly in the presence of CAP at 40% CO 2 but not at 5% CO 2 . A partial amino acid sequence of p76 was 71-100% identical (10-14 identical residues out of 14 amino acids determined) to those of transketolases (TKLs) reported in higher plants and a cyanobacterium. In agreement with these observations, the TKL activity in C. littorale was decreased by CAP at 40% CO 2 , but not at 5% CO 2 . The transient decrease in TKL activity caused by CAP under 40% CO 2 was well correlated with that in Φ II . These results indicate that the addition of CAP directly or indirectly influences the stability of TKL in C. littorale at 40% CO 2 , but not at 5% CO 2 , and that photosynthetic activity was reduced by a decrease in TKL activity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effects of Chloramphenicol on Photosynthesis, Protein Profiles and Transketolase Activity under Extremely High CO2 Concentration in an Extremely-high-CO2-tolerant Green Microalga, Chlorococcum littorale

Satoh¹,

Kurano²,

Harayama³

et al. 2004

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…Using gel ®ltration and sedimentation analysis Villafranca and Axelrod [165] demonstrated that TK extracted from spinach leaves apparently exists in monomeric form with a subunit molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. However, the recent determination of the sequence of spinach TK [36] revealed that the subunit molecular weight is approximately 74 kDa, similar to that of other plant TKs.…”

Section: Oligomeric Structurementioning

confidence: 78%

Properties and functions of the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme transketolase

Schenk

Duggleby

Nixon

1998

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

220

164

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This review highlights recent research on the properties and functions of the enzyme transketolase, which requires thiamin diphosphate and a divalent metal ion for its activity. The transketolase-catalysed reaction is part of the pentose phosphate pathway, where transketolase appears to control the non-oxidative branch of this pathway, although the overall¯ux of labelled substrates remains controversial. Yeast transketolase is one of several thiamin diphosphate dependent enzymes whose three-dimensional structures have been determined. Together with mutational analysis these structural data have led to detailed understanding of thiamin diphosphate catalysed reactions. In the homodimer transketolase the two catalytic sites, where dihydroxyethyl groups are transferred from ketose donors to aldose acceptors, are formed at the interface between the two subunits, where the thiazole and pyrimidine rings of thiamin diphosphate are bound. Transketolase is ubiquitous and more than 30 full-length sequences are known. The encoded protein sequences contain two motifs of high homology; one common to all thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes and the other a unique transketolase motif. All characterised transketolases have similar kinetic and physical properties, but the mammalian enzymes are more selective in substrate utilisation than the nonmammalian representatives. Since products of the transketolase-catalysed reaction serve as precursors for a number of synthetic compounds this enzyme has been exploited for industrial applications. Putative mutant forms of transketolase, once believed to predispose to disease, have not stood up to scrutiny. However, a modi®cation of transketolase is a marker for Alzheimer's disease, and transketolase activity in erythrocytes is a measure of thiamin nutrition. The cornea contains a particularly high transketolase concentration, consistent with the proposal that pentose phosphate pathway activity has a role in the removal of light-generated radicals. #

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“…f S. uvarum (type strain: CBS 395) is regarded as a synonym of S. bayanus (type strain: CBS 380) (Barnett, 1992) and their MET2 sequences are identical (Hansen and Kielland-Brandt, 1994). Flechner et al, 1996;Schenk et al, 1997), sequences from different ascomycetes may not be true orthologues. b Where multiple accession numbers are listed the sequences overlap.…”

Section: Comparison Of Kluyveromyces Results To Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of gene order and chromosome number inSaccharomyces,Kluyveromyces and related fungi

Keogh

Seoighe

Wolfe

1998

Yeast

111

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The extent to which the order of genes along chromosomes is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species was studied by analysing data from DNA sequence databases. As expected, the extent of gene order conservation decreases with increasing evolutionary distance. About 59% of adjacent gene pairs in Kluyveromyces lactis or K. marxianus are also adjacent in S. cerevisiae, and a further 16% of Kluyveromyces neighbours can be explained in terms of the inferred ancestral gene order in Saccharomyces prior to the occurrence of an ancient whole-genome duplication. Only 13% of Candida albicans linkages, and no Schizosaccharomyces pombe linkages, are conserved. Analysis of gene order arrangements, chromosome numbers, and ribosomal RNA sequences suggests that genome duplication occurred before the divergence of the four species in Saccharomyces sensu stricto (all of which have 16 chromosomes), but after this lineage had diverged from Saccharomyces kluyveri and the Kluyveromyces lactis/marxianus species assemblage. 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Molecular characterization of transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of Chloramphenicol on Photosynthesis, Protein Profiles and Transketolase Activity under Extremely High CO2 Concentration in an Extremely-high-CO2-tolerant Green Microalga, Chlorococcum littorale

Effects of Chloramphenicol on Photosynthesis, Protein Profiles and Transketolase Activity under Extremely High CO2 Concentration in an Extremely-high-CO2-tolerant Green Microalga, Chlorococcum littorale

Properties and functions of the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme transketolase

Evolution of gene order and chromosome number inSaccharomyces,Kluyveromyces and related fungi

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