Molecular characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis of Verbena hybrida and the functional analysis of verbena and Clitoria ternatea F3'5'H genes in transgenic verbena

Togami, Junichi; Tamura, M.; Ishiguro, Kanako; Hirose, Chika; Okuhara, Hiroaki; Ueyama, Yukiko; Nakamura, Noriko; Yonekura‐Sakakibara, Keiko; Fukuchi-Mizutani, Masako; Suzuki, Ken-ichi; Fukui, Yûkô; Kusumi, Takenori; Tanaka, Yoshikazu

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.5

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Floral-specific promoters of the chalcone synthase (CHS) genes from snapdragon and petunia and F3 0 5 0 H Hf1 gene from petunia were successfully used to transcribe F3 0 5 0 H cDNAs isolated from a variety of species [49]. Similar flower colour and anthocyanidin changes have been reported by using F3 0 5 0 H genes from Eustoma grandiflorum (lisianthus) [50] [54].…”

Section: (B) Engineering Model Plantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flower colour and cytochromes P450

Tanaka

Brugliera²

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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255

146

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Cytochromes P450 play important roles in biosynthesis of flavonoids and their coloured class of compounds, anthocyanins, both of which are major floral pigments. The number of hydroxyl groups on the B-ring of anthocyanidins (the chromophores and precursors of anthocyanins) impact the anthocyanin colour, the more the bluer. The hydroxylation pattern is determined by two cytochromes P450, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) and thus they play a crucial role in the determination of flower colour. F3′H and F3′5′H mostly belong to CYP75B and CYP75A, respectively, except for the F3′5′Hs in Compositae that were derived from gene duplication of CYP75B and neofunctionalization. Roses and carnations lack blue/violet flower colours owing to the deficiency of F3′5′H and therefore lack the B-ring-trihydroxylated anthocyanins based upon delphinidin. Successful redirection of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to delphinidin was achieved by expressing F3′5′H coding regions resulting in carnations and roses with novel blue hues that have been commercialized. Suppression of F3′5′H and F3′H in delphinidin-producing plants reduced the number of hydroxyl groups on the anthocyanidin B-ring resulting in the production of monohydroxylated anthocyanins based on pelargonidin with a shift in flower colour to orange/red. Pelargonidin biosynthesis is enhanced by additional expression of a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase that can use the monohydroxylated dihydrokaempferol (the pelargonidin precursor). Flavone synthase II (FNSII)-catalysing flavone biosynthesis from flavanones is also a P450 (CYP93B) and contributes to flower colour, because flavones act as co-pigments to anthocyanins and can cause blueing and darkening of colour. However, transgenic plants expression of a FNSII gene yielded paler flowers owing to a reduction of anthocyanins because flavanones are precursors of anthocyanins and flavones.

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Section: (B) Engineering Model Plantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Flower colour and cytochromes P450

Tanaka

Brugliera²

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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255

146

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“…The pelargonium DFR isolated in this study has Asp in this position and catalyzes DHK. The DFR of Verbena hybrida, which accumulates pelargonidin, also contains Asp at this position (Togami et al 2006). The DFRs (AB201759, AF029685, AY575027, AY695812, and AY695813) of Fragaria x ananassa, which accumulate pelargonidin, contain alanine in this position.…”

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confidence: 99%

Generation of pink flower varieties from blue Torenia hybrida by redirecting the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from delphinidin to pelargonidin

Nakamura

Fukuchi-Mizutani

Fukui

et al. 2010

Plant Biotechnology

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“…In this chapter, we focus on the recent biotechnological achievements relevant to cytochromes P450 (P450s) determining flower color, as we recently published a review on the same topic (Tanaka 2006;Tanaka and Brugliera 2013). When the authors started isolation of a flavonoid 3, 5 0 -hydroxylase (F3 0 5 0 H ) gene in 1987, only a few reactions in plants were known to be catalyzed by P450s and no plant P450 genes had been isolated.…”

Section: Diversity Of Plant Cytochromes P450mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petunia petals contain delphinidin-or cyanidin-based anthocyanins and flavonols but not flavones. The first achievement of flower color modification using a P450 gene was also carried out in petunia: expression of petunia F3 0 5 0 H cDNAs (CYP75A1 and CYP75A3; petunia has two F3 0 5 0 H genes) in a pale pink petunia (a low vacuolar pH line) that was deficient in F3 0 5 0 H and F3 0 H activities resulted in reddish-purple transgenic plants that had elevated levels of delphinidin-based anthocyanins in the petals (Holton et al 1993 (Togami et al 2006). These results suggest that the choice of the gene source is important for successful diversion of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.…”

Section: Color Modification Of Petuniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Engineering of Flower Color Pathways Using Cytochromes P450

Tanaka

Brugliera

2014

Fifty Years of Cytochrome P450 Research

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A single plant species can contain more than 250 cytochromes P450. Cytochromes P450 catalyze various reactions in plant biosynthetic pathways and play critical and diversified roles in the biosynthesis of primary and specialized (secondary) compounds, including flavonoids. Flavonoids and their colored derivatives, anthocyanins, are major constituents of flower color. Functional combinations of the cytochromes P450, flavonoid 3, and flavone synthase II (FNSII, CYP93B) determine flavonoid structure and flower color. The number of hydroxyl groups on the B-ring of anthocyanins catalyzed by F3 0 H and F3 0 5 0 H have an impact on the color: the more the bluer. Wild-type or traditionally bred carnations, roses, and chrysanthemums lack blue/violet flower colors because of the deficiency of a F3 0 5 0 H and therefore lack the trihydroxylated (B-ring) anthocyanins based upon delphinidin. Metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin pathway and specifically manipulation of F3 0 5 0 H and F3 0 H genes has produced an array of flower color modifications in many species. By optimizing transgene expression and suppressing endogenous genes in a species-specific manner, transgenic carnations, roses, and chrysanthemums producing novel violet/blue-hued flowers were engineered. Downregulation of F3 0 5 0 H and F3 0 H genes, often with expression of a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene, yielded redder flowers in petunia, tobacco, and torenia. Modulation of FNSII gene expression also impacts flower color as flavones act as co-pigments to induce bluing of anthocyanins and flavones and anthocyanins also share the same precursors.

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Molecular characterization of the flavonoid biosynthesis of Verbena hybrida and the functional analysis of verbena and Clitoria ternatea F3'5'H genes in transgenic verbena

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Flower colour and cytochromes P450

Flower colour and cytochromes P450

Generation of pink flower varieties from blue Torenia hybrida by redirecting the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from delphinidin to pelargonidin

Metabolic Engineering of Flower Color Pathways Using Cytochromes P450

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