“…It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, many of which are classified as mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic ( Liao et al, 2014 ; Schwarz et al, 2019 ). Oil hydrocarbons can be classified in four groups according with their solubility in organic solvents and water ( Han et al, 2018 ). These groups are described as: (i) saturated hydrocarbons (or alkanes, or aliphatic), including all the n- and branched alkanes and cycloparaffins, (ii) aromatic hydrocarbons, including monoaromatics such as BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), (iii) resins, are compounds that contains sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen and that are dissolved in oil such as quinolines, pyridines, amides and sulfoxides, and (iv) asphaltenes, consisting of aggregates of molecules with naphthenic rings and condensed aromatic connected by paraffin chains ( Gentili et al, 2006 ; Costa et al, 2012 ; Wu et al, 2013 ; Abdel-Shafy and Mansour, 2016 ; Varjani, 2017 ; Shahsavari et al, 2019 ).…”