Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates in China during 2004

Zhāng, Yǒng-Zhèn; Xiong, Chenglong; Zhou, Yang; Wang, Dingming; Jiang, Rong; Xiao, Qi-You; Hao, Zong-yu; Zhang, Ling-Zhu; Yu, Yongxin; Fu, Zhen F.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.05.010

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Sometimes patients are advised to watch the offending animal for abnormal behaviour for 10 days after a bite before seeking prophylactic treatment, but because animals can be asymptomatic carriers, such delay can be risky. 8,9 It would be safer to administer the complete course of antirabies vaccination to anyone who gets bitten by an animal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human rabies in India: a problem needing more attention

Kole¹,

Roy²,

Kole

2014

Bull. World Health Organ.

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confidence: 99%

Human rabies in India: a problem needing more attention

Kole¹,

Roy²,

Kole

2014

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…Now China has the second highest number of human HBV cases in the world after India (Tang & Li, 2005); in 2007 alone, the total case numbers were 3302, with particularly high incidence in southern and eastern regions. Zhang et al (2006) and Meng et al (2007) previously studied the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus (RABV) in China and identified three main phylogenetic groups of street viruses that clustered with strains from Indonesia and Thailand/Malaysia and the cosmopolitan lineage that includes many vaccine strains. Although closely related viruses were often recovered from particular regions, in some provinces, such as Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi (Zhang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007), samples yielded isolates from two or more main groupings, indicating that substantial movement and mixing of strains was occurring in these regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

A history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in China

Ming

Yan

Rayner

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in China, we collected and sequenced 55 isolates sampled from 14 Chinese provinces over the last 40 years and performed a coalescent-based analysis of the G gene. This revealed that the RABV currently circulating in China is composed of three main groups. Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor for the current RABV Chinese strains to be 1412 (with a 95 % confidence interval of 1006-1736). The estimated mean substitution rate for the G gene sequences (3.961¾10"4 substitutions per site per year) was in accordance with previous reports for RABV.Rabies has become an important public health concern in countries in Asia and Africa. It is estimated that this disease is responsible for over 55 000 human deaths annually, of which approximately 56 % occur in Asia and 44 % in Africa (WHO, 2005). Rabies was first described in China in about 556 BC and has been continually reported for the following 2500 years (Wang & Huang 2001 et al., 2005). In this study, we used Bayesian MCMC methods to analyse sequences from the highly variable G gene of RABV to determine phylogenetic relationships. By using G gene data collected over several years from almost all regions that had experienced cases of rabies, we investigated the evolution of RABV variants and determined the population history of RABV circulating in China.A total of 55 complete G gene sequences (1572 nt) isolated from four hosts (dog, human, cattle and deer) from 14The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 25 RABV G gene sequences isolated in this study are FJ602447-FJ602459 and FJ418876-FJ418887. provinces, administrative municipalities and autonomous regions of China were analysed. The four hosts from which the viruses were isolated represent reservoirs and spillover hosts. Of these isolates, 25 were newly sequenced as part of this study (GenBank accession nos FJ602447-FJ602459) by using methods described previously (Meng et al., 2007); the remaining 30 isolates were obtained from GenBank. The year of isolation was available for all the isolates; full details are provided in Fig. 1 and Table 1.Estimates of the rate of molecular evolution, m (substitutions per site per year), and the time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for the complete G gene alignment were obtained using a Bayesian MCMC method which was implemented in the BEAST program (available at http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Main_Page). The best-fit model of nucleotide substitution for Bayesian analysis was selected with the MODELTEST software using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) (Posada & Crandall, 1998). The general time reversible (GTR) substitution model, incorporating a proportion of invariable sites (I) and a gamma distribution of rate variation among sites (C4) was used for the BEAST analysis. We employed both strict and relaxed (uncorrelated exponential and lognormal) molecular clocks (Drummond et al., 2006) to explore the extent of variation in the rate of nucleotide substitution and ...

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“…However, rabies is still prevalent at present in China and presents a major threat to the well being of the general population (29). Despite this, knowledge of the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the rabies virus is scant (18,26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that rabies viruses circulating in the dogs in the main endemic areas belonged to classic rabies virus(29).Furthermore, the viruses were divided into the two phylogenetic groups, with at least four sub-genotypes.In the present study, the isolate shared a higher homology with the viruses circulating in the dogs in the main endemic areas (Hunan, Henan, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Guizhou), and was grouped into the same clade with those viruses. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of G gene sequences also displayed similar results to those for the N gene.…”

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confidence: 99%