Molecular Characterization of Phospholipids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with an Evaporative Light Scattering Detector, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Mass Spectrometry, and Gas Chromatography Combined with a Flame Ionization Detector in Different Oat Varieties

Abstract

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important crop produced in various regions of Europe and North America. Oat lipids are a heterogeneous mixture of acyl lipids and unsaponifiable components. The neutral lipids are mainly triacylglycerols and account for 50-60% of total oat lipids. Oat oil is also rich in polar lipids, that is, phospholipids and glycolipids. Characterization of oat polar lipids has largely been performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), but the composition of phospholipid classes has been poorly studied. The aim of our work was the determination of different phospholipids in Romanian oat samples. For that purpose, one commercial sample (Comun) and four pure varieties (Jeremy, Lovrin 1, Lovrin 27-T, and Mures) were used. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with an evaporative light scattering detector results allowed us to establish that phosphatidylethanolamine was the most representative phospholipid in all of the oat samples. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis showed that C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 were the fatty acids bound to the glycerol backbone. Using first-preparative TLC and later gas chromatography, it was demonstrated that linoleic acid (C18:2) was the main fatty acid of the phospholipid fraction in all of the samples.

Bioactive lipids in the butter production chain from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese area

“…The results showed that negative ionisation could be used to determine PE, PI and PS, while positive ionisation gave the best results for PC and SM. The identity of phospholipid molecular species was established according to the literature …”

Quantification of Phospholipids Classes in Human Milk

“…Further investigation is needed in order to determine the PL molecular species. As previously demonstrated [19, 22, 32], LC–MS would be the most appropriate technique for identifying them, on the other hand due to the dependency of the MS response and therefore peak area intensity on the acyl chain length and number of unsaturation, the quantification of PL molecular species requires the use of pure standards which are not always available. Finally, the variation in the concentration of PL over the different stages of lactations as well as the biological functions of PL during early development of infants should be further investigated.…”

Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.): Oil and Nutriment Compounds Valorization for Potential Use in Industrial Applications

“…Neutral lipids are mainly made up of triacylglycerols and account for 50-60 of total oat lipids 77 . Kaimainen et al 78 …”

“…Montealegre et al 77 determined different phospholipids in Romanian oat samples using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with an evaporative light scattering detector which led to establish that PE was the most representative phospholipid in the entire analyzed oat samples. Montealegre et al 77 also used high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, and results showed that C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0 and C20:1 were the fatty acids bound to the glycerol backbone.…”

“…Montealegre et al 77 also used high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, and results showed that C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0 and C20:1 were the fatty acids bound to the glycerol backbone. Finally, they used also first-preparative TLC and gas chromatography to demonstrate that LA C18:2 was the main fatty acid of the phospholipid fraction in all the tested samples.…”