Molecular characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi causing scrub typhus among febrile patients in north-central Bangladesh

Amin, Mochamad; Paul, Shyamal Kumar; Aung, Meiji Soe; Paul, Anindita; Aziz, MH Abdel; Khan, Nayab; Haque, Aminul; Melan, A.; Sarker, S.R.; Hossain, Md. Akram; Ahmed, Salma; Nasreen, S A; Haque, N; Kobayashi, Nobumichi

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100595

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The Karp-related strains were the predominant genotype observed in Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Taiwan), East Asia (Japan, China), Northeast India and Bangladesh. 7,[23][24][25] A study from eastern region of India reported the occurrence of Kato as the single most prevalent strain. 19 In a study from North India, Gilliam has been identified to be the most common genotype, followed by Karp-like strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India

Murali,

Kalpana,

Satheeshkumar

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Scrub typhus is one of the important vector borne illness which is largely underdiagnosed, particularly in children. It causes mild febrile illness to severe complications. More than 20 genotypic clusters are documented from various geographical regions based on sequence variations of 56kDa type specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Adequate knowledge about epidemiology and genetic diversity in endemic regions is an important tool for clinical management, development of diagnostic kit and vaccines. Limited studies are available based on genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in children. The present study determined the prevalence and genotypic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in febrile pediatric patients admitted in tertiary care hospital of Chennai, South India. Both serum and blood samples were collected from 239 scrub typhus suspected febrile pediatric patient’s aged between 6 months to 12 years. IgM ELISA and 56kDa nested PCR were performed on all the patient samples. Nested PCR positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for genotypic differences. Among 239 samples, 103 were positive for IgM ELISA and 35 were positive for nPCR analysis. Out of the 108 scrub typhus positive cases, 45.31% (58/128) were male and 45.05% (50/111) were female. Eschar was positive in 56.48% of patients. Pneumonia (4/108), hypotensive shock (3/108), and myocarditis (1/108) were the most common clinical complications associated with scrub typhus positive children. Karp (56.6%) was the most common genotypic cluster found in our study, followed by TA716 (33.33%), TA763 (2/30), and Gilliam (1/30).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India

Murali,

Kalpana,

Satheeshkumar

et al. 2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens

Thiriot

Martinez-Martinez

Endsley

et al. 2020

Pathogens and Disease

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Macrophages play an integral role in host defenses against intracellular bacterial pathogens. A remarkable plasticity allows for adaptation to the needs of the host to orchestrate versatile innate immune responses to a variety of microbial threats. Several bacterial pathogens have adapted to macrophage plasticity and modulate the classical (M1) or alternative (M2) activation bias towards a polarization state that increases fitness for intracellular survival. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the host macrophage and intracellular bacterial interface; highlighting the roles of M1/M2 polarization in host defense and the mechanisms employed by several important intracellular pathogens to modulate macrophage polarization to favor persistence or proliferation. Understanding macrophage polarization in the context of disease caused by different bacterial pathogens is important for the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention.

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Epidemiological Features of Leptospirosis and Identification of Leptospira wolffii as a Persistently Prevailing Species in North–Central Bangladesh

Sultana,

Paul,

Nasreen

et al. 2024

Infectious Disease Reports

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Leptospirosis is considered to be the most widespread, yet neglected, re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by infection with a pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Although this disease is prevalent in Bangladesh, the recent epidemiological status has not yet been well documented. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis among febrile patients using different diagnostic methods and to characterize the epidemiological features and species of Leptospira in Mymensingh, north–central Bangladesh. Among the blood samples of 186 patients with suspected leptospirosis who met the inclusion criteria, including having a fever for more than 5 days (November 2021–June 2022), 88 samples (47%) were Leptospira-positive according to IgM LAT, IgM ELISA, or nested PCR (positivity rates: 38%, 37%, and 42%, respectively). Nested PCR showed a significantly higher positivity rate (54%) in patients with a short fever (5–10 day) than the other methods did, with lower rates among those with a longer fever. Leptospirosis cases were more common in males (68%), those 16–45 years of age (70%), residents of rural areas (81%), and farmers (41%). In addition to a fever, myalgia and jaundice were found in more than 70% of the patients, while variable symptoms were observed. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Leptospira species in all the 22 samples tested were L. wolffii, belonging to the pathogenic subclade P2. This study showed the recent epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Bangladesh, indicating the presumptive predominance of L. wolffii since 2019.

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Molecular characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi causing scrub typhus among febrile patients in north-central Bangladesh

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India

Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India

Hacking the host: exploitation of macrophage polarization by intracellular bacterial pathogens

Epidemiological Features of Leptospirosis and Identification of Leptospira wolffii as a Persistently Prevailing Species in North–Central Bangladesh

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