Molecular Characterization of Norovirus and Rotavirus in Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in Seoul

Abstract

Norovirus and rotavirus are important causes of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in communities worldwide. Genotypes of norovirus and rotavirus in stool samples, which were collected from patients, was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. A total 4,484 stool samples (461 outbreak cases) collected during January 2010-April 2013 were analyzed. Four hundred thirty eight of samples were positive for norovirus. Twelve samples were positive for Rotavirus. Norovirus genotypes identified were nine kinds

Characterization of RotaTeq® vaccine-derived rotaviruses in South Korean infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis

“…In this study, the most prevalent rotavirus genotype was G3P[8], followed by G1P[8], G4P[6], and G9P[8]. This is consistent with the fact that human rotaviruses G1–G4, in combination with P[8], P[6], and P[4], are the major genotypes that have accounted for almost all rotavirus infections that circulated in South Korea, and the most recent is G9 in combination with P[8] [Oh et al, ; Shim et al, ].…”

Evolutionary Phylodynamics of Korean Noroviruses Reveals a Novel GII.2/GII.10 Recombination Event

“…Frequent global outbreaks of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis have been reported since the late 1990s, and NoV has proven to be the etiological agent in many sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis across the globe [34] . To date, three NoV genogroups, GI, GII, and GIV, have been recognized as the main contributors to common outbreaks and are associated with acute gastroenteritis infecting human populations of all ages [35] . In South Korea, while the NoV GII.1 genotype was frequently detected between 2001 and 2005 [17] , GII.4 is most predominant genotype reported to date [18] , [29] .…”

Molecular Characteristics of Noroviruses Genogroup I and Genogroup II Detected in Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis

“…Monitoring of diarrheal patients in Korea has revealed a declining trend of bacterial infections and a rising trend of viral infections. Gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses is becoming increasingly common and, owing to its contagious nature, it is easily transmitted [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Hence, noroviruses have been identified as the most common causative agent [ 6 ].…”

“…RNA was extracted by using the Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen, Hilden, Germany) [ 8 ]. One-step duplex RT-PCR was performed by using the RT/PCR Diagnostic Norovirus Kit (Bioneer, Daejeon, Korea) and the GI-FIM, GI-RIM, and GI-F2 primer pairs for GI detection; the GII-FIM, GII-RIM, and GII-F3 primer pairs for GII detection; -and primers hybridized within the open reading frame 3 regions (5'-CTGCCCGAATTYGTAAATAAATGATGAT-3', 5'-CCAACCCARCCATTRTACATYTG-3', and 5'-ATGATGATGGCGTCTAAGGACGC-3' respectively) for GI detection and another 3 regions (5'-GGGAGGGCGATCGCAATCT-3', 5'-CCRCCIGCATRICCRTTRTACAT-3', and 5'-TTGTGAATGAAGATGGCGTCGART-3', respectively) for GII detection [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Positive results were defined as the presence of a 314-bp band for norovirus GI and a 313-bp band for norovirus GII [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

“…Kong et al [ 8 ] reported the highest detection rate of norovirus in November 2005 (12.3%, 28/227) and in March 2006 (35.3%, 79/224), followed by that in March 2007 (45.9%, 62/135) in Incheon. Ham et al [ 4 ] reported the highest peak in January (35.6%, 366/1,028), and the lowest in July (2.4%, 20/818) from 2007 to 2011, followed by that in January, February, and November from 2010 to 2013, in Seoul [ 5 ]. In addition, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported that norovirus prevalence- peaks from November to March in Korea [ 9 ].…”