Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Pneumonia at Two Hospitals in North-West Nigeria

Oyegoke, Paul Ifeleke; Olayinka, Busayo Olalekan; Ehinmidu, JO; Tytler, Babajide A.

doi:10.34172/ijer.2021.05

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…E. coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Enterobacter spp. have been reported as the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria [ 14 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Kaduna State, northwest Nigeria

Ezeh,

Olayinka,

Bolaji

et al. 2024

Access Microbiology

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Background. The increasing resistance of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates to commonly prescribed antibiotics has been reported around the world. Data are generally lacking on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Kaduna, northwest Nigeria. This study thus aimed to determine the diversity and antibiotic resistance profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from clinical specimens from patients admitted to two selected healthcare institutions in Kaduna. Methods. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between September and December 2021. Non-duplicate clinical bacterial isolates recovered from various specimens were collected and identified using rapid biochemical identification kits. The susceptibility of identified Enterobacteriaceae to various antibiotics and phenotypic detection of carbapenemase enzymes were thereafter determined. The data were analysed and visualized using R software version 4.3.1. Results. Of the 500 bacterial isolates recovered from specimens collected for the purpose of clinical bacteriology diagnostics, 108 (21.6 %) were identified as Enterobacteriaceae, with Pantoea agglomerans (52, 48.1 %) and Klebsiella oxytoca (19, 17.6 %) being the most prevalent. The isolates exhibited high resistance to azithromycin (69 %) and ceftazidime (42 %), while exhibiting low resistance to amikacin (7 %) and imipenem (10 %). Among the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates, a significant proportion (12/17, 70.6 %) tested positive for carbapenemase activity. Conclusion. This study reports a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Kaduna, northwest Nigeria. The emergence of pathogenic P. agglomerans and an alarmingly high prevalence of carbapenemase-producing CRE were also observed. The presence of carbapenemase producers in an area with low carbapenem usage and resistance rates raises significant concerns. Continuous surveillance and robust antibiotic stewardship policies are imperative to preserve the efficacy of carbapenems in this region.

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“…E. coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Enterobacter spp. have been reported as the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria [ 14 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Kaduna State, northwest Nigeria

Ezeh,

Olayinka,

Bolaji

et al. 2024

Access Microbiology

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Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Health Center from Northwestern Nigeria

Mohammed,

Muhammad,

Zainu

et al. 2024

Annals of African Medicine

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Background: In spite of its global notoriety and WHO alarm, Acinetobacter baumannii is still an understudied critical-priority pathobiont in Nigeria. We characterized its antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistance genes during an outbreak. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved collection of patients’ urine samples and swabs from unit staff’s hands and ward environments for the identification of A. baumannii strains using standard morphologic and biochemical methods. The disk diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates with the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) confirmed by the combined disk test screening method. Characterization of the resistance genes of the ESBL producers was carried out using polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: A total of eight (six clinical and two nonclinical) A. baumannii isolates were identified. The overall isolate susceptibility and resistance rates to all the antimicrobial agents was 56.3% (27/48) and 35.4% (17/48), respectively. Similarly, all (8/8; 100.00%) isolates were susceptible to meropenem and 75.0% (6/8) to ampicillin-sulbactam while 62.5% (5/8) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 50.0% (4/8) to each of ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. In addition, 37.5% (3/8) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) with nonclinical isolates exhibiting more antimicrobial resistance than their clinical counterparts (9/12%–75.0% vs. 8/36%–22.2%). Phenotypic detection and molecular characterization revealed three ESBL-producing isolates that each harbored bla SHV and bla TEM genes with bla CTX-M gene being absent. Conclusion: MDR strains of A. baumannii harboring bla SHV and bla TEM genes were recovered from clinical and environmental sources during the outbreak, which was contained with preventive measures recommended.

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Acinetobacter baumannii from the one health perspective in Nigeria: A systematic review of literature in the last decade (2011-2021)

Ajoseh¹,

Akinyemi²,

Abegunrin³

et al. 2022

Ger. J. Microbiol.

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Multidrug drug-resistant (MDR)-Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most feared nosocomial bacterial agents worldwide, and the World Health Organization classified carbapenem-resistant strains as a priority ”1” critical pathogen. In Nigeria, the paucity of information on this pathogen makes it difficult to estimate its potential impact on public health and veterinary medicine. This systemic review was done to prepare an impact assessment for One Health based on the occurrence of A. baumannii in different environments and the antimicrobial resistance. A detailed search of articles on A. baumannii in Nigeria was conducted using search strings in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google search engine, and Google scholars. This study revealed that 14 out of the 36 states in Nigeria reported A. baumannii. Specifically, 19/24 articles described isolates from clinical settings, 4/24 from the environment, and 1/24 from animal sources. A. baumannii occurrence of 9.15% (503/5496) was recorded from 8.4% (418/4950), 16.06% (80/498), and 10.42% (5/48) of samples of clinical, environmental, and animal origin by culture, respectively. The most common antibiotics to which A. baumannii was resistant were chloramphenicol, ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, gentamycin, and tetracycline. Seventeen resistance determinants were described for A. baumannii isolates originating mostly from clinical sources with blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 gene makers frequently reported. This study demonstrates the lack of data on A. baumannii from animals. Clinical MDR- A. baumannii isolates, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), are a severe public health concern in Nigeria. Thus, findings from this review will form a baseline for future surveillance research.

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Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Pneumonia at Two Hospitals in North-West Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Kaduna State, northwest Nigeria

Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Kaduna State, northwest Nigeria

Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Health Center from Northwestern Nigeria

Acinetobacter baumannii from the one health perspective in Nigeria: A systematic review of literature in the last decade (2011-2021)

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