Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity

Patel, Ekta; Lubembe, Donald M.; Gachanja, James; Mwaura, Stephen; Spooner, P.R.; Toye, Philip G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.057

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This may be related to recombination and selection during the maintenance and passage of the stabilates through ticks. 11 Thus, precise and reliable methods for parasite genotyping or phenotyping during vaccine production and its field application are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 A panel of micro- and mini-satellite markers has also been developed 14,15 that is widely used in the genetic analysis of field populations 7,8 and has also been used to characterize vaccine stabilates 11 and genetic recombination analysis. 16–18 However, the resolution of genetic differentiation in these studies is limited because of the relatively low marker density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Theileria parva Strains Provides Insight into Parasite Migration and Diversification in the African Continent

et al. 2013

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The disease caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Theileria parva, known as East Coast fever or Corridor disease, is one of the most serious cattle diseases in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. We performed whole-genome sequencing of nine T. parva strains, including one of the vaccine strains (Kiambu 5), field isolates from Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, or Rwanda, and two buffalo-derived strains. Comparison with the reference Muguga genome sequence revealed 34 814–121 545 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were more abundant in buffalo-derived strains. High-resolution phylogenetic trees were constructed with selected informative SNPs that allowed the investigation of possible complex recombination events among ancestors of the extant strains. We further analysed the dN/dS ratio (non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site divided by synonymous substitutions per synonymous site) for 4011 coding genes to estimate potential selective pressure. Genes under possible positive selection were identified that may, in turn, assist in the identification of immunogenic proteins or vaccine candidates. This study elucidated the phylogeny of T. parva strains based on genome-wide SNPs analysis with prediction of possible past recombination events, providing insight into the migration, diversification, and evolution of this parasite species in the African continent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Theileria parva Strains Provides Insight into Parasite Migration and Diversification in the African Continent

et al. 2013

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“…It is now generally believed that the risk of adverse reactions from the use of MC and the resultant introduction of its strains is of no significant consequence, as there is a substantial degree of sexual recombination among T. parva strains in the field, resulting in huge parasite diversity (Oura et al, 2007 [34]; Patel et al, 2007 [35] However, there are still people who ask the question whether strain variation is important and whether use of the MC as a standard regional approach can lead to the introduction of strains into countries where they do not currently exist. The evidence has never been good enough to silence the doubters.…”

Section: The Pathway From the Development Of The Live Vaccine Technolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It certainly was not forgotten, as the ensuing 20 years saw much discussion on the differing epidemiology of ECF under different production systems, in different breeds and at different latitudes, but virtually nothing was done to move ITM to the next level and have it deployed as a commercial product in the field. ILRAD, and its successor ILRI (as it became from 1995), moved into the field of developing new recombinant vaccines, and of following the trend at the time of mapping the Theileria genome [35], [36], [37].…”

Section: The Pathway From the Development Of The Live Vaccine Technolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of East Coast fever of cattle by live parasite vaccination: A science-to-impact narrative

Perry

2016

One Health

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There is an increasing interest in determining the impact of vaccine technologies developed using public funding targeted at international development, and understanding the factors and ingredients which contribute to the success and impacts of such vaccines. This paper chronicles the development of a live vaccine against East Coast fever, a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by Theileria parva. The paper describes the technological innovation, commonly known as infection-and-treatment, which was developed some 40 years ago, explores the institutional settings in which the vaccine was developed and refined, and discusses the political dynamics of both during the decades from first development to field deployment and impacts. The paper also analyses the direct and indirect indicators of success of ITM and the many qualifiers of these, the impacts that the emerging technology has had, both in positive and negative terms, and maps the key contributors and milestones on the research-to-impact pathway.

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“…A multivalent vaccine (the Mugaga cocktail) (Patel et al 2011), originally developed by the East African Veterinary Research Organization (now the Kenya Agriculture Research Institute), is licensed and being produced by a commercial enterprise for distribution in Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi (GALVmed, 2010). Different vaccine seed stocks are used in other regions.…”

Section: Types Of Protozoal Vaccines In Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Successful vaccines for naturally occurring protozoal diseases of animals should guide human vaccine research. A review of protozoal vaccines and their designs

McAllister

2014

Parasitology

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SUMMARYEffective vaccines are available for many protozoal diseases of animals, including vaccines for zoonotic pathogens and for several species of vector-transmitted apicomplexan haemoparasites. In comparison with human diseases, vaccine development for animals has practical advantages such as the ability to perform experiments in the natural host, the option to manufacture some vaccines in vivo, and lower safety requirements. Although it is proper for human vaccines to be held to higher standards, the enduring lack of vaccines for human protozoal diseases is difficult to reconcile with the comparatively immense amount of research funding. Common tactical problems of human protozoal vaccine research include reliance upon adapted rather than natural animal disease models, and an overwhelming emphasis on novel approaches that are usually attempted in replacement of rather than for improvement upon the types of designs used in effective veterinary vaccines. Currently, all effective protozoal vaccines for animals are predicated upon the ability to grow protozoal organisms. Because human protozoal vaccines need to be as effective as animal vaccines, researchers should benefit from a comparison of existing veterinary products and leading experimental vaccine designs. With this in mind, protozoal vaccines are here reviewed.

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Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Theileria parva Strains Provides Insight into Parasite Migration and Diversification in the African Continent

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Theileria parva Strains Provides Insight into Parasite Migration and Diversification in the African Continent

The control of East Coast fever of cattle by live parasite vaccination: A science-to-impact narrative

Successful vaccines for naturally occurring protozoal diseases of animals should guide human vaccine research. A review of protozoal vaccines and their designs

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