Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and human patients in Saudi Arabia

Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Alouffi, Abdulaziz; Alyousif, Mohamed S; Rahi, Abdulsadah A; Ali, Magda A.; Abdullah, Hend H.A.M.; Brayner, Fábio André; Otranto, Domenico; Bezerra‐Santos, Marcos Antônio; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07166-z

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Their minicircle patterns were applied to examine unknown Leishmani samples, and they correctly identified 10 out of 18 samples as L. amazonensis , L. infantum , L. lainsoni , and L. naiffi . Hence, not only the L. martiniquensis maxicircle, but also the sequence and number of minicircles would assist further diagnostics and screening of this parasite variant and population similar to previous studies in human patients and animals [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Identification of a conserved maxicircle and unique minicircles as part of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania martiniquensis strain PCM3 in Thailand

et al. 2022

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Background The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatids, including Leishmania, is known as kinetoplast DNAs (kDNAs). The kDNAs form networks of hundreds of DNA circles that are evidently interlocked and require complex RNA editing. Previous studies showed that kDNA played a role in drug resistance, adaptation, and survival of Leishmania. Leishmania martiniquensis is one of the most frequently observed species in Thailand, and its kDNAs have not been illustrated. Methods This study aimed to extract the kDNA sequences from Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read whole-genome sequence data of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 priorly isolated from the southern province of Thailand. A circular maxicircle DNA was reconstructed by de novo assembly using the SPAdes program, while the minicircle sequences were retrieved and assembled by the rKOMIC tool. The kDNA contigs were confirmed by blasting to the NCBI database, followed by comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis. Results We successfully constructed the complete circular sequence of the maxicircle (19,008 bp) and 214 classes of the minicircles from L. martiniquensis strain PCM3. The genome comparison and annotation showed that the maxicircle structure of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 was similar to those of L. enriettii strain LEM3045 (84.29%), L. arabica strain LEM1108 (82.79%), and L. tarentolae (79.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also showed unique evolution of the minicircles of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 from other examined Leishmania species. Conclusions This was the first report of the complete maxicircle and 214 minicircles of L. martiniquensis strain PCM3 using integrated whole-genome sequencing data. The information will be helpful for further improvement of diagnosis methods and monitoring genetic diversity changes of this parasite. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Identification of a conserved maxicircle and unique minicircles as part of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania martiniquensis strain PCM3 in Thailand

et al. 2022

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“…Studies on canine leishmaniosis from Turkey, Iran and Saudi Arabia have reported between 1.6% and 42% positivity for Leishmania spp. by PCR of dogs surveyed using blood or other tissue samples [ 27 – 29 ]. The detection of positive kDNA PCR in 22.7% of the dogs in the current study from central Israel is therefore compatible with the infection rates found in other Middle Eastern countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and cats in central Israel

Baneth

2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background Three species of Leishmania cause disease in humans in Israel and are endemic in the Middle East: Leishmania infantum, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. These species infect dogs and cats, but little is known about their prevalence in pet populations and their clinical manifestations. A study on dog and cat Leishmania infection was conducted in a focus of human L. tropica infection in central Israel with the aim of getting insight on leishmaniosis in pets in an area where human infection is highly prevalent. Methods Blood, demographic and clinical data were collected from dogs and cats brought for veterinary care in a focus of human L. tropica infection during 2018–2020. kDNA PCR and internal transcribed spacer1 high-resolution melt analysis PCR (ITS1 HRM PCR) with DNA sequencing were performed for the detection of Leishmania and species determination. Results Forty-three of 189 dogs (22.8%) and 44 of 152 cats (28.9%) were positive for Leishmania spp. infection by kDNA PCR. The ITS1 HRM PCR detected six dogs (3.3%) infected with L. infantum and one (0.5%) with L. tropica, whereas six cats (3.9%) were found infected by L. infantum and five (3.3%) by L. tropica. Four of the five L. tropica-positive cats suffered from weight loss, four had azotemia, two with mild and two with severe azotemia and progressive renal disease. Three cats had gingivostomatitis; three had skin lesions with abscess and ulcers in two and scales and hair loss in another cat, which was also FIV +. This is the first report of feline L. tropica infection in Israel. Clinical information on cats with this infection from previous studies elsewhere is scarce. Conclusions A high rate of Leishmania spp. infection, mostly estimated as sub-clinical, was found in dogs and cats admitted for veterinary care in an L. tropica focus. Among the animals in which infection could be characterized to the species level, more dogs were infected with L. infantum than with L. tropica while 5 of 11 cats were infected with L. tropica and had signs of systemic and skin disease not described before in feline L. tropica infection. Graphical Abstract

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“…Canines are a ected and are considered to be the main rural, peridomestic and domestic reservoir of L. infantum (syn. L. chagasi) associated mainly with VL in humans [6], although canine infections by L. tropica, L. major, and L. braziliensis have also been observed [6][7][8][9]. In fact, in some countries, millions of dogs have been euthanized as part of government policies to control human VL caused by L. infantum; however, some studies have also been published that question the e ectiveness of this measure [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area for Human Leishmaniasis in Nicaragua

Flores

Mora‐Sánchez

Torres

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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In this study, the frequency of canines infected with Leishmania spp. in an area endemic to leishmaniasis in humans was determined. A descriptive pilot study was conducted between the months of October and December 2020 on dogs from Rota, a community in the municipality of León, which included 45 specimens from the peridomestic area. Different variables from each specimen were monitored, such as age, sex, breed, body condition, and clinical characteristics, as well as information on the owners and cases of human leishmaniasis presented in less than 5 years. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein and peripheral blood was separated. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed using venous blood samples with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), as well as a conventional PCR was applied for the detection of Leishmania spp. Amastigotes were found in 22% of venous or peripheral blood samples, whereas a high prevalence of 28.89% (95% CI: 14.53–43.24) was found by PCR. Only 1/12 of positive dogs in PCR presented dry exfoliative dermatitis, therefore, there was no significant difference ( p ≥ 0.05 ), the age and sex of the dogs were also not factors associated with infection ( p ≥ 0.05 ). This study reports for the first time the molecular detection of Leishmania in dogs in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in humans in Nicaragua. The high frequency of dogs infected with Leishmania suggests that they play an important role in the transmission cycle of human leishmaniasis.

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Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and human patients in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of a conserved maxicircle and unique minicircles as part of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania martiniquensis strain PCM3 in Thailand

Identification of a conserved maxicircle and unique minicircles as part of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania martiniquensis strain PCM3 in Thailand

Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and cats in central Israel

Canine Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area for Human Leishmaniasis in Nicaragua

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