Molecular characterization of <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> strains from Ethiopia and tracing potential source of bacterial wilt disease outbreak in seed potatoes

Abdurahman, Abdulwahab; Griffin, Denis; Elphinstone, J. G.; Struik, P.C.; Schulz, Steffen; Schulte-Geldermann, Elmar; Sharma, Kalpana

doi:10.1111/ppa.12661

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…There are a number of articles related to potato agronomy in Ethiopia, e.g., [1,[32][33][34]. However, much less is known about the relationship between environmental conditions and potato growth in tropical regions like Ethiopia than in the temperate climates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Gamo Highlands, potato grows mainly during the belg season under rain-fed agriculture [29,31]. Farmers prefer the belg season for potato cropping because of the season's meteorological and agronomic suitability for potato cropping, i.e., the moisture availability is optimal and disease risks are relatively low [29,32,38]. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most important potato disease in Ethiopia, followed by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum [32,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Canopy Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivars to Weather Dynamics in a Complex Topography: Belg Farming Seasons in the Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia. The Gamo Highlands are one of the large potential potato producing regions in Ethiopia. The growing conditions are different from those in the temperate regions, where most of the agronomical expertise on potato has been developed. The influence of environmental conditions on the crop in the Gamo Highlands is poorly understood. We conducted field trials with eight potato cultivars in six locations and during two seasons. The canopy cover (CC) and plant height (PH) were measured with high temporal resolution and tuber yields were assessed as well. The experiments were conducted near our newly installed weather stations at different elevations. CC and PH were strongly correlated with temperature sum (Tsum). Tuber yields differed among elevations and cultivars. Nevertheless, these differences were poorly explained by environmental variables. We also found that no single cultivar performed best at all elevations. The number of branches was a predictor of yield, suggesting that radiation interception was limiting tuber growth. Tuber yield was optimal when the number of days to crop maturity was around 100–110 days. We conclude that Tsum is a predictor of crop growth, but environmental variables poorly explain yield variations, which calls for further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Canopy Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivars to Weather Dynamics in a Complex Topography: Belg Farming Seasons in the Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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“…MLSA and MLVA are commonly used tools to characterize bacterial spot of tomato (BST) outbreaks and epidemics caused by X. perforans worldwide (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). MLSA-based analysis of X. perforans revealed two subgroups in a global collection of strains (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology ofXanthomonas perforansOutbreaks in Tomato Plants from Transplant to Field as Determined by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Abrahamian

Timilsina

Minsavage

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Outbreaks of bacterial spot on tomato (BST) caused by Xanthomonas perforans are a major concern for sustainable crop production. BST is a common occurrence in tomato transplants grown for field production. We hypothesized that BST outbreaks in commercial fields originate from X. perforans strains inadvertently introduced from commercial transplant facilities. To test this hypothesis, we used a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to characterize X. perforans strains recovered from tomato transplant facilities and fields in commercial production areas. X. perforans strains were isolated from symptomatic transplants prior to roguing at two commercial transplant growers. Then, the same groups of transplants were tracked to commercial fields to recover X. perforans strains from diseased plants prior to harvest. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out on 84 strains isolated from transplant and field plants from Florida and South Carolina. SNPs were called using three reference strains that represented the genetic variation of the sampled strains. Field strains showing genetic similarity to transplant strains had a difference of 2 to 210 SNPs. Transplant and field strains clustered together by grower within each phylogenomic group, consistent with expectations. The range of genetic divergence among strains isolated from field plants was similar to the range obtained from strains on transplants. Using the range of genetic variation observed in transplants, we estimate that 60% to 100% of field strains were an extension of the transplant strain population. Our results stress the importance of BST management to reduce X. perforans movement from transplant to field and to minimize subsequent disease outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Current management of Xanthomonas perforans on tomato plants mainly relies on the frequent application of pesticides. However, the lack of effective pesticides and the development of strain tolerance to certain bactericides limit the ability to control outbreaks in production fields. Better knowledge of probable sources of X. perforans inoculum during tomato production is required to refine management strategies. Tomato plants are typically established in the field using transplants. This study aimed to determine if strains from field epidemics were coming from transplant facilities or resulted from local field outbreaks. The overall goal was to identify potential sources of inoculum and subsequently develop strategies to reduce carryover from transplant production to the field. Our results indicate that tomato producers should shift disease management efforts to transplant facilities to reduce disease in the field. Improved transplant health should reduce the likelihood of bacterial spot outbreaks and subsequently reduce pesticide usage in the field.

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“…In the absence of continuous sources of good quality seed many growers opt to use their own farm saved seed or those obtained from markets ( Ayalew, 2014). Such practices contribute towards sub-optional yields as well as spread of diseases such as bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), serious diseases of potatoes, and viruses (Abdurahman et al, 2017;Kaguongo et al, 2008;Gildemacher, 2012;Chindi and Kassa, 2013).…”

Section: Challenges Of Convectional Seed Potato Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating Seed Potato Production By Using Rapid Multiplication Systems in Ethiopia

Gebrehanna

Chindi²,

W/Giorgis³

et al. 2018

OSJ

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Ethiopia is one of the major potato producing countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region where potato is the fastest expanding food crop. The natural environment in Ethiopia is very suitable for year round production of potato using rain-fed and irrigated systems. However, the actual potato yield in the country ranges between 8-10 t/ha, which is slightly below the average for Africa. Shortage of good quality seed has been recognized as the single most important factor limiting potato production in the developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the accelerating role of rapid seed potato multiplication technologies for potato seed production in Ethiopia. A low adoption of recommended seed potato technologies in the country could be due to a lack of alternative seed potato production methods compatible with farmers’ economic and agro-ecological conditions. Since 2010, Holetta Agricultural Research Centre in collaboration with International Potato Center together are applying different seed potato production hastening schemes to produce early generation seed. These seed multiplication schemes include, tissue culture, aeroponics, sand hydroponics and other rapid multiplication methods in screen house pots. These seed potato multiplication schemes brought a dynamic change for the last five years by accelerating the supply efficiency by 7.6% with enhancing the number from 43,773 mini-tubers to 332,485 mini-tubers. Moreover, these new seed multiplication schemes enhanced the capacity of clean seed production of the country by producing 216,717 mini-tubers of high quality seed from aeroponics and sand hydroponics. The farmers could also access early generation clean seed potato through their nearby cooperatives with affordable price and with lowtransportation cost. Thus, for developing countries like Ethiopia where formal seed system is at infant stages and early generation seed is mostly produced by research institutions, the use of various rapid multiplication techniques could be one option to produce clean seed potato.

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Molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Ethiopia and tracing potential source of bacterial wilt disease outbreak in seed potatoes

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Responses of Canopy Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivars to Weather Dynamics in a Complex Topography: Belg Farming Seasons in the Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia

Responses of Canopy Growth and Yield of Potato Cultivars to Weather Dynamics in a Complex Topography: Belg Farming Seasons in the Gamo Highlands, Ethiopia

Molecular Epidemiology ofXanthomonas perforansOutbreaks in Tomato Plants from Transplant to Field as Determined by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Accelerating Seed Potato Production By Using Rapid Multiplication Systems in Ethiopia

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