Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus from Zaire: nucleotide sequence analysis identifies conserved and variable domains in the envelope gene

Srinivasan, Arjun; Anand, Rita; York, D.; Ranganathan, Perungavur N.; Feorino, Paul M.; Schochetman, Gerald; Curran, James W.; Kalyanaraman, V. S.; Luciw, Paul A.; Sánchez-Pescador, Ray

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90396-9

Cited by 86 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Fig. 1 shows the amino acid coordinates of the HIVsF2 (10) or HIVz56 (11) envelope gene products represented by each recombinant polypeptide. The putative signal peptides of HIVSF2 and HIVz56 gp 120 end at amino acid 29 (9, 1 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope type-specific T helper cells in an HIV-infected individual.

Walker

Steimer²,

Rosenthal³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

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MethodsTwo T helper cell clones recognizing the gp 120 envelope protein of HIV were generated from the peripheral blood of a healthy seropositive individual. These cells were type specific as they proliferated and produced IL 2 when stimulated by an epitope in the amino-terminal half of gp 120 of HIVsF2, but not by a similar region of HIVz,6, a Zairian HIV-1 isolate. These two viruses differ by 26% in the deduced amino sequence of the gp 120 protein. Moreover, the antigenic site(s) recognized by the cloned T cells are distinct from those recognized by envelope-specific antibodies. These observations have important implications for the development and use of anti-HIV vaccines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope type-specific T helper cells in an HIV-infected individual.

Walker

Steimer²,

Rosenthal³

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Discrimination of effects unlinked to virus production was achieved by four approaches. First, we tested the effects of exposure of macrophages to six X4 HIV-1 species that do not productively infect macrophages (1,11,35,41,44), as well as six R5 species and one R5/X4 HIV-1 species that productively infect (8,14,15,24,26,44). Second, we tested responses to isolated gp120 of both coreceptor phenotypes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Rapid and Extensive β-Chemokine Synthesis in Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and gp120, Independently of Their Coreceptor Phenotype

Choe

Volsky

Potash

2001

J Virol

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) interacts with its target cells through CD4 and a coreceptor, generally CCR5 or CXCR4. Macrophages display CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 that are competent for binding and entry of virus. Virus binding also induces several responses by lymphocytes and macrophages that can be dissociated from productive infection. We investigated the responses of macrophages to exposure to a series of HIV-1 species, R5 species that productively infect and X4 species that do not infect macrophages. We chose to monitor production of several physiologically relevant factors within hours of treatment to resolve virally induced effects that may be unlinked to HIV-1 production. Our novel findings indicate that independently of their coreceptor phenotype and independently of virus replication, exposure to certain R5 and X4 HIV-1 species induced secretion of high levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1␣ (MIP-1␣), MIP-1␤, RANTES, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. However two of the six R5 species tested, despite efficient infection, were unable to induce rapid chemokine production. The acute effects of virus on macrophages could be mimicked by exposure to purified R5 or the X4 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Depletion of intracellular Ca 2؉ or inhibition of protein synthesis blocked the chemokine induction, implicating Ca 2؉ -mediated signal transduction and new protein synthesis in the response. The group of viruses able to induce this chemokine response was not consistent with coreceptor usage. We conclude that human macrophages respond rapidly to R5 and X4 envelope binding by production of high levels of physiologically active proteins that are implicated in HIV-1 pathogenesis.

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“…Infectious full-length proviral clones of seven clade B (NL4-3 [1], HXB2 [37], LAI [47], JRCSF [34], YU-2 [28], AD-8 [46], and DH12 [43]), two clade D (Z2z6 [45] and ELI [4]), and the recombinant (clade A/D/I) MAL (4) provided parental sequences for shuffling. A partial clone, UG-15 (unpublished data), containing the gag and pol genes of a primary subtype D isolate was also used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant with Enhanced Replication in Pig-Tailed Macaque Cells by DNA Shuffling

Pekrun

Shibata

Igarashi

et al. 2002

J Virol

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DNA shuffling facilitated the evolution of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variant with enhanced replication in pig-tailed macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pt mPBMC). This variant consists exclusively of HIV-1-derived sequences with the exception of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) nef. Sequences spanning the gag-protease-reverse transcriptase (gag-pro-RT) region from several HIV-1 isolates were shuffled and cloned into a parental HIV-1 backbone containing SIV nef. Neither this full-length parent nor any of the unshuffled HIV-1 isolates replicated appreciably or sustainably in pt mPBMC. Upon selection of the shuffled viral libraries by serial passaging in pt mPBMC, a species emerged which replicated at substantially higher levels (50 to 100 ng/ml p24) than any of the HIV-1 parents and most importantly, could be continuously passaged in pt mPBMC. The parental HIV-1 isolates, when selected similarly, became extinct. Analyses of full-length improved proviral clones indicate that multiple recombination events in the shuffled region and adaptive changes in the rest of the genome contributed synergistically to the improved phenotype. This improved variant may prove useful in establishing a pig-tailed macaque model of HIV-1 infection.

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Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus from Zaire: nucleotide sequence analysis identifies conserved and variable domains in the envelope gene

Cited by 86 publications

References 39 publications

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope type-specific T helper cells in an HIV-infected individual.

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope type-specific T helper cells in an HIV-infected individual.

Induction of Rapid and Extensive β-Chemokine Synthesis in Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and gp120, Independently of Their Coreceptor Phenotype

Evolution of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant with Enhanced Replication in Pig-Tailed Macaque Cells by DNA Shuffling

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