Molecular characterization of HCV in a Swedish county over 8 years (2002–2009) reveals distinct transmission patterns

Ederth, Josefine Lundberg; Jern, C.; Nordér, Helené; Magnius, Lars O.; Alm, Erik; Rognsvåg, Björg Kleverman; Sundin, Carl-Gustaf; Brytting, Mia; Esbjörnsson, Joakim; Mild, Mattias

doi:10.3402/iee.v6.30670

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, in the current study, no association was observed between distinct HCV genotype and age, or HCV risk factors such as IVDA or blood transfusion. On the other hand, recent studies showed that HCV genotype 3a in IVD abusers and HCV genotype 1a in patients receiving blood or blood products were the most common genotypes (14,(49)(50)(51)(52). As shown in Table 2, genotype 3a was not the most frequent genotype just in IVDA donors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Related Risk Factors Among Iranian Blood Donors: A Penalized Logistic Regression

Kermani

Amini-Kafiabad

Hosseini

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood born virus and the major cause of liver diseases worldwide. Distribution of HCV genotypes varies depending on geographical regions and routes of infection. Knowledge regarding the distribution of HCV genotypes and related risk factors plays an essential role in the control of HCV infection in the community. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the current distribution of HCV genotypes and related risk factors among Iranian blood donors. Methods: In the current analytical, cross sectional study, 106 HCV-infected blood donors with detectable HCV RNA over the country were interviewed by trained physicians through a post-donation questionnaire on demographic, medical, and risk history from November 2015 to May 2017. The hepatitis C virus genotype was determined by sequencing of a segment of non-structural 5B region in HCV genome. Penalized logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis through STATA software. Results: Hepatitis C virus genotype was determined in all subjects, and the genotype 3a was the most frequent (65, 61.32%), followed by 1a (31, 29.25%), and 1b (10, 8.49%). Based on the multivariable analysis results, tattooing (adjusted odds ratio: 2.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.03-7.37) was associated with HCV genotype 3a. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that changes in molecular epidemiology of HCV infection and replacement of HCV genotype 1a with 3a, characterized by an increase in genotype 3a and decrease in genotype 1a have occurred over the last decade among Iranian blood donors. Tattooing was an independent risk factor for HCV infection by genotype 3a.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Related Risk Factors Among Iranian Blood Donors: A Penalized Logistic Regression

Kermani

Amini-Kafiabad

Hosseini

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Overall, genotypes 1 and 3 are the most frequent genotypes found in Swedish HCV-infected patients [21]. Among patients with transfusion-transmitted HCV infection, genotype 1a is most common, followed by genotype 2b [21][22][23], whereas genotype 3a is mainly associated with injecting drug use. Shev et al found a 21% prevalence of genotype 2b among Swedish blood donors in the early 1990s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among childhood cancer survivors in Stockholm, Sweden

et al. 2019

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Background: Childhood cancer survivors treated before 1992, when blood donor screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was introduced, are at risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection. A national HCV screening campaign targeting blood transfusion recipients was launched in Sweden in [2007][2008][2009][2010]. The aims of this study were to, among adult childhood cancer survivors in Stockholm County, investigate the prevalence of HCV infection, the natural course of infection, treatment outcome and anti-HCV testing frequency before, during and after the screening campaign and finally to actively screen the untested ones. Material and Methods: This was a combined retrospective register based and prospective screening study of adult childhood cancer survivors (n ¼ 686) treated for malignancy in Stockholm before 1992. In the first part, we investigated the prevalence of HCV infection and previous anti-HCV testing, and in the second part, we actively traced and HCV-screened the remaining untested cohort living in Stockholm. Analysis of previous documented anti-HCV tests in medical records, laboratory records, and the national communicable disease registry was performed. In the second part, 231 presumably untested individuals were contacted by mail and offered an anti-HCV test. The natural course of HCV infection and treatment outcome was analyzed for those found to be chronically infected. Results: In total, 235 patients were tested and 11 were HCV-RNA positive. The overall prevalence of chronic HCV infection among the tested childhood cancer survivors was thus 4.7% (95% CI ¼ 2.6-8.2%), which is almost 10 times higher than the national prevalence of 0.5%. Only 12% of the Stockholm cohort were tested during the screening campaign in 2007-2010, while the test uptake using active tracing screening within this study was 40% (p < .001). Conclusion: With today's effective treatment options, active tracing and HCV screening of childhood cancer survivors are recommended.

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“…Sentosa SQ HCV genotyping is a new automated deep sequencingbased assay that performs genotypes 1 to 6 determinations, 1a/1b subtype identification, and genotypes 4, 5 and 6 sub-typing. This compares favorably against Sanger sequencing of the NS5B region, the reference method for HCV genotype determination, except for HCV genotype 2 subtyping [2,97,98].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hcv Infection: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus infection, genotypes and mechanism of insulin resistance

Woyesa¹,

Taylor‐Robinson²

2019

J Mol Pathophysiol

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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global public health problem that causes profound metabolic abnormalities, primarily in insulin-sensitive target tissues, notably the phenomenon of steatosis or fatty liver. The route of transmission and genetic mutation of HCV, together with the lack of reliable nation-specific epidemiological data on the distribution of genotypes and sub-genotypes of this RNA virus, provide significant challenges to correct diagnosis and effective treatment. Issue: HCV-induced insulin resistance in HCV-infected individuals is independent of the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus that causes insulin resistance. Some but not all HCV genotypes exert a steatotic effect. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which HCV infection causes insulin resistance in insulin target tissues or hepatic steatosis is not elucidated clearly. Findings: Mechanisms proposed by experimental studies include interference with insulin signaling pathways, upregulation of genes controlling gluconeogenesis, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate proteins, and induction and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines that interact closely with host lipid metabolism. Conclusions: We review HCV genotypes and subtypes, the mechanisms by which HCV infection induces insulin resistance, the virus genotypes and subtypes that are implicated in this and those that are steatotic. We conclude by discussing the proposed mechanisms of steatosis and considering HCV laboratory investigation methods from traditional to current techniques.

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Molecular characterization of HCV in a Swedish county over 8 years (2002–2009) reveals distinct transmission patterns

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Related Risk Factors Among Iranian Blood Donors: A Penalized Logistic Regression

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Related Risk Factors Among Iranian Blood Donors: A Penalized Logistic Regression

Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among childhood cancer survivors in Stockholm, Sweden

Hepatitis C virus infection, genotypes and mechanism of insulin resistance

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