Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children in Kenya

Mbae, Cecilia; Mulinge, Erastus; Guleid, Fatuma; Wainaina, James; Waruru, Anthony; Njiru, Z. K.; Kariuki, Sam

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1436-z

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In this study, all the G. duodenalis-positive specimens were assemblage B, which is consistent with previous studies [15,16,18]. Assemblage B is common in humans worldwide [6,17,27,28]; therefore, NHPs may contribute to sporadic human infection [23,24]. Of the 25 G. duodenalis-positive specimens, the bg, tpi, and gdh loci were successfully amplified and sequenced from 21, 21, and 20 specimens, respectively ( Table 3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Giardia duodenalis infection may be asymptomatic or elicit several clinical symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal cramps, and nutrient malabsorption [1,2]. Giardia duodenalis commonly infects non-human primates (NHPs), and causes both veterinary and public health problems [3][4][5][6][7]. In NHPs, giardiasis causes diarrhea and ill thrift, especially in young animals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Zhang

Wang²,

Lan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric protozoan that infects a range of hosts including humans and other mammals. Multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis in captive non-human primates (NHPs) from zoos in China is limited. In this study, we evaluated 302 NHP fecal samples collected from 32 different NHP species. The primates were from 12 zoos distributed across eight provinces and two municipalities (Chongqing and Beijing) of China. The overall infection rate was 8.3% (25/302). The six G. duodenalis-positive zoos and their infection rates were: Suzhou Zoo (40.0%, 4/10), Yangzhou Zoo (22.2%, 2/9), Dalian Zoo (16.7%, 4/24), Chengdu Zoo (12.8%, 6/47), Guiyang Forest Wildlife Zoo (12.1%, 7/58), and Changsha Zoo (4.7%, 2/43). Molecular analysis of three loci, beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), showed high genetic heterogeneity, and seven novel subtypes (BIII-1, MB10-1, WB8-1, B14-1, MB9-1, DN7-1, and BIV-1) were detected within assemblage B. Additional analysis revealed 12 different assemblage B multilocus genotypes (MLGs), one known MLG and 11 novel MLGs. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 12 assemblage B MLGs formed two main clades, MLG-SW (10-12, 18) and MLG-SW (13, 14, 16, 17), the other four MLG-SW (15, 19, 20, 21) were scattered throughout the phylogenetic tree in this study. Using multilocus genotyping, this study expands our understanding of the occurrence of Giardia infection and genetic variation in Giardia in captive non-human primates from zoos in China.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Zhang

Wang²,

Lan

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…have a clonal population structure, the use of a typing system based on sequence analysis of a single genetic locus with high sequence heterogeneity, such as tpi , can provide a resolution as high as multilocus sequence typing ( Sulaiman et al, 2003 ). Similar reports were also reported in previous studies ( Lalle et al, 2009 , David et al, 2011 , Mbae et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic children from La Habana, Cuba

Puebla

Núñez

Santos

et al. 2017

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Giardiasis is considered the most common intestinal parasitic disease in humans worldwide. In Cuba, this infection has particularly a strong clinical impact on the child population. Giardia duodenalis is a highly diverse protozoan, which comprises a complex of eight morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. The present study used triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes as genetic markers for the identification of G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages in correlation with clinical and epidemiological data in children attended at the Paediatric Hospital “William Soler” and at Pedro Kouri Institute, between 2015 and 2016. A prevalence of 8% of G. duodenalis infection was recorded in stool samples after concentration techniques from 68 children out of 847 analysed. A 100% detection of Giardia DNA was achieved by a SSU-rRNA PCR, whereas DNA from 63 of 68 (92.6%) was successfully amplified by tpi-PCR. By this assemblage-specific tpi-PCR 32 (50.8%) assemblage B, 17 (27.0%) assemblage A and 14 (22.2%) mixed infection (A + B) were identified. Assemblage B was significantly (P < 0.02) more frequently found in children with diarrhoea. Sequence analysis of the tpi gene of Giardia isolates from symptomatic children showed that assemblage A belonged to the sub-assemblage AII, and 4 sub assemblages BIV and 1 sub assemblage BIII were also recorded. Only 2 discordant genotyping results were observed by phylogenetic comparison of SSU-rRNA and tpi sequences. Further studies with novel molecular tools for a better discrimination at the sub-assemblage level are needed to identify the dynamics of spread of giardiasis and to verify possible correlations between Giardia genetic diversity and clinical manifestation.

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“…+ A. lumbricoides 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1.3 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2.50 (2) Cryptosporidium spp. + T. trichiura 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1.25 (1) A. lumbricoides + T. trichiura 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2.9 (2) 0 (0) G. duodenalis + Cryptosporidium + T. trichiura 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1.4 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) G. duodenalis + A. lumbricoides + T. Trichiura 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) explanation for our findings may be the predominant existences of assemblage B (80.0%) in our sample, as described in other African countries [55,56]. This genotype has been associated to extensive damage of the mucosal architecture and infiltration of inflammatory cells [21,57].…”

Section: Fecal Biomarkerssupporting

confidence: 70%

Association of enteric parasitic infections with intestinal inflammation and permeability in asymptomatic infants of São Tomé Island

Garzón

Pereira‐da‐Silva

Seixas

et al. 2017

Pathogens and Global Health

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The cumulative effect of repeated asymptomatic enteric infections on intestinal barrier is not fully understood in infants. We aimed to evaluate the association between previous enteric parasitic infections and intestinal inflammation and permeability at 24-months of age, in asymptomatic infants of São Tomé Island. A subset of infants from a birth cohort, with intestinal parasite evaluations in at least four points of assessment, was eligible. Intestinal inflammatory response and permeability were assessed using fecal S100A12 and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), respectively. The cutoff <-1SD for weight-for-length and length-for-age was used to define wasting and stunting. Multivariable linear regression analysis explored if cumulative enteric parasitic infections explained variability of fecal biomarkers, after adjusting for potential confounders. Eighty infants were included. Giardia duodenalis and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) were the most frequent parasites. The median (interquartile range) levels were 2.87 μg/g (2.41-3.92) for S100A12 and 165.1 μg/g (66.0-275.6) for A1AT. Weak evidence of association was found between S100A12 levels and G. duodenalis (p = 0.080) and STH infections (p = 0.089), and between A1AT levels and parasitic infection of any etiology (p = 0.089), at 24-months of age. Significant associations between A1AT levels and wasting (p = 0.006) and stunting (p = 0.044) were found. Previous parasitic infections were not associated with fecal biomarkers at 24 months of age. To summarize, previous asymptomatic parasitic infections showed no association with intestinal barrier dysfunction. Notwithstanding, a tendency toward increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker was observed for current G. duodenalis and STH infections, and increased levels of the permeability biomarker were significantly associated with stunting and wasting.

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Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children in Kenya

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in captive non-human primates from 12 zoos in China

Molecular analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic children from La Habana, Cuba

Association of enteric parasitic infections with intestinal inflammation and permeability in asymptomatic infants of São Tomé Island

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