Molecular characterization of elm yellows phytoplasmas in Croatia and their impact on <i>Ulmus</i> spp.

Katanić, Zorana; Krstin, Ljiljana; Ježić, Marin; Zebec, Marko; Ćurković‐Perica, Mirna

doi:10.1111/ppa.12524

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial elm yellows has been found on U. glabra in Croatia, France and Germany belonging to Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (16SrXII-A subgroup) (Boudon-Padieu et al, 2004;Katanić, Krstin, Ježić, Zebec, & Ćurković-Perica, 2016;Mäurer, Seemüller, & Sinclair, 1993), and hybrids of U. glabra in North America (Sinclair, Townsend, Griffiths, & Whitlow, 2000). It causes witches brooms and yellowing of leaves (Mittempergher, 2000).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

2018

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabraHudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.2. Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi-natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed.Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co-occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior. 3.Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year's growth. Seeds are wind-dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under-recorded.4. The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novoulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm.Fortunately for its long-term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.

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Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

2018

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“…In Friuli Venezia Giulia, widespread occurrence of EY on Siberian elm has also been observed (Carraro et al, 2004). However, more than half of the infected trees were symptomless (Katanić et al, 2016). However, more than half of the infected trees were symptomless (Katanić et al, 2016).…”

Section: European Field Elm Have Been Observed In the Po Valley And Fmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…P. ziziphi" (the jujube witches' broom agent) by less than 2.5% in 16S rDNA sequence similarity, the threshold for assigning species rank to phytoplasmas under the provisional status "Candidatus" (IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team -Phytoplasma taxonomy group, 2004). P. ulmi" strains infecting elm trees in Serbia and Croatia (Jović et al, 2011;Katanić et al, 2016), which differ from the "Ca. Nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that four strains of "Ca.…”

Section: Taxonomic Positionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…P. rubi" (the rubus stunt agent) and "Ca. However, typing of additional European strains based on RFLP and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, rplV, rpsC, secY and map genes showed genetic diversity within this pathogen (Arnaud et al, 2007;Jović et al, 2008Jović et al, , 2011Katanić et al, 2016;Quaglino, Casati, Eccher, & Bianco, 2005). However, supporting data for separating the above taxa at the putative species level were obtained by examining other molecular markers and considering biological properties, such as host range and insect vector specificity (Jung et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2004;Malembic-Maher et al, 2011;Martini, Marcone, Lee, & Firrao, 2014).…”

Section: Taxonomic Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are indications that several phytoplasma strains exist, greatly differing in aggressiveness from being avirulent (or nearly avirulent) to highly virulent (for review see Marcone, 2010). P. ulmi" infections were also detected in elm trees which were symptomless at the time of sampling Carraro et al, 2004;Katanić et al, 2016;Lee et al, 1995;Mittempergher, 2000;Sfalanga et al, 2002;Sinclair et al, 2000). P. ulmi" infections were also detected in elm trees which were symptomless at the time of sampling Carraro et al, 2004;Katanić et al, 2016;Lee et al, 1995;Mittempergher, 2000;Sfalanga et al, 2002;Sinclair et al, 2000).…”

Section: Knowledge Gaps and Prospects For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elm yellows: A phytoplasma disease of concern in forest and landscape ecosystems

Marcone

2016

Forest Pathology

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Elm yellows (EY) is a lethal or decline phytoplasma disease that affects several Ulmus (elm) species and hybrids, which is widespread in North America and Europe. The symptoms vary among the elm species. In those native to North America, main symptoms include epinasty, chlorosis, premature casting of the leaves, yellow to brown discoloration of the phloem in the roots and stem and tree death that usually occurs within 1 or 2 years from the appearance of foliar symptoms. In contrast, affected trees of European and Asian species are primarily characterized by witches’ broom as a specific symptom, do not show phloem discoloration and are less prone to decline. The disease is caused by a relatively genetically homogeneous phytoplasma, the EY agent “Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi,” a member of the EY phytoplasma group or 16SrV group, subgroup 16SrV-A. In nature, this pathogen exhibits a high plant host specificity. The elm leafhopper Scaphoideus luteolus is the only confirmed vector of EY phytoplasma in North America, whereas Macropsis mendax has been reported as a natural vector in Northern Italy. However, other insect vectors are likely to be involved in its natural spread. Phytoplasmas of other taxonomic groups or 16SrV subgroups, which are known to infect a wide range of plant hosts, have been identified in naturally infected elm trees. However, the pathological relevance of these “non-elm” phytoplasmas needs to be confirmed in many cases. Their detection is mainly based on the highly sensitive nested PCR assays, while pathological data are lacking. This study summarizes, within the framework of a single comprehensive review, the current knowledge of EY. Gaps in knowledge of this disease and prospects for future research are also critically discussed

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