Molecular characterization of Ecuadorian quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) diversity: implications for conservation and breeding

Salazar, J.; Torres, María de Lourdes; Gutiérrez, Bernardo; Torres, Andrés F.

doi:10.1007/s10681-019-2371-z

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During this study, the total number of bands (235) were found higher than reported by Hossein-Pour et al 2019using iPBS-retrotransposon markers, Ana-Cruz et al (2017) using ISSR markers, and Romero et al (2019) using SSR markers for quinoa germplasm. The average number of bands (21.4) found in this study were also higher than reported by recent studies (Salazar et al 2019;Romero et al 2019). Among the total 235 bands, 157 bands were found polymorphic and a number of polymorphic bands found in this study were higher than the reported by Romero et al (2019).…”

Section: Ipbs-retrotransposon As a Source Of Polymorphismcontrasting

confidence: 71%

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of world quinoa germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system

Barut¹,

Nadeem²,

Karaköy³

et al. 2020

Turk J Agric For

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Quinoa is an important staple food crop for millions of impoverished rural inhabitants of the Andean region. Quinoa is considered a good source of protein,vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of world quinoa germplasm originating from 8 countries through the iPBS-retrotransposon marker system. Molecular characterization was performed using the 11 most polymorphic primers. A total of 235 bands were recorded, of which 66.8% were polymorphic. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.410. Various diversity indices including mean effective number of alleles (1.269), mean Shannon's information index (0.160) and gene diversity (0.247) revealed the existence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in studied germplasm. Bolivia-17 and Mexico-1 were found to be genetically distinct accessions and can be suggested as candidate parents for future breeding activities. Various diversity indices were also calculated among germplasm collection counries and the results clearly showed the existence of higher genetic diversity in Bolivian and Peruvian accessions. The model-based structure, neighbor-joining, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped quinoa germplasm according to their collection country. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the variations (69%) in world quinoa germplasm are due to differences within populations. Findings of this study can be used for deeper understanding of the genetic relationship and in the determination of appropriate breeding and conservation strategies for quinoa.

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Section: Ipbs-retrotransposon As a Source Of Polymorphismcontrasting

confidence: 71%

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of world quinoa germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system

Barut¹,

Nadeem²,

Karaköy³

et al. 2020

Turk J Agric For

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“…This evidence came from the molecular and genetic diversity studies where just two Ecuadorian quinoa accessions were included [ 51 , 52 ]. Recently, a molecular characterization of diversity of Ecuadorian quinoa was conducted using 15 species-specific SSR markers on 84 quinoa accessions [ 53 ]. The results showed that Ecuadorian quinoa was highly diverse—196 alleles were detected, and the genetic heterozygosity ( H E ) was 0.71.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinoa in Ecuador: Recent Advances under Global Expansion

Hinojosa

Leguizamo²,

Carpio

et al. 2021

Plants

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Quinoa is a highly diverse crop domesticated in the Andean region of South America with broad adaptation to a wide range of marginal environments. Quinoa has garnered interest worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits. Over the last decade, quinoa production has expanded outside of the Andean region, prompting multiple studies investigating the potential for quinoa cultivation in novel environments. Currently, quinoa is grown in countries spanning five continents, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Here, we update the advances of quinoa research in Ecuador across different topics, including (a) current quinoa production situation with a focus on breeding progress, (b) traditional seed production, and (c) the impact of the work of the nongovernment organization “European Committee for Training and Agriculture” with quinoa farmers in Chimborazo province. Additionally, we discuss genetic diversity, primary pests and diseases, actions for adapting quinoa to tropical areas, and recent innovations in quinoa processing in Ecuador. Finally, we report a case study describing a participatory breeding project between Washington State University and the Association of Andean Seed and Nutritional Food Producers Mushuk Yuyay in the province of Cañar.

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“…Seeds of 84 quinoa genotypes were collected from small farmers throughout the highlands of Ecuador (See also (Salazar et al 2019)). The material was propagated in The Netherlands, but viable seeds were obtained only from 40 genotypes.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low propagation success was attributed to low quality seed or late maturity of photoperiod-sensitive cultivars (Christiansen et al 2010). From the genotypes from which viable seed was obtained, 22 were selected that represent most of the genetic diversity as determined (Salazar et al 2019). Detailed information about these genotypes is presented in Table 1 and their collection-sites in the Ecuadorian highlands is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main issue limiting this exploration is the lack of facilitated access to genetic resources for both research and commercialization, added to the difficulty of access to quality seed (Bazile et al 2016a). Ecuadorian germplasm is particularly underrepresented in general screenings of the molecular and agronomical diversity of quinoa, and in our previous research we aimed to construct a core collection of Ecuadorian quinoa germplasm that is cultivated by small farmers from the Andean provinces of Ecuador (Salazar et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt tolerance strategies of the ancient Andean crop quinoa

Roman¹

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This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences (EPS) Chapter 1 P a g e | 10  Switch strategy of carbon assimilation (certain halophytes switch from C3 to CAM (e.g. Portulacaria afra, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) or C4 to CAM (e.g. Portulaca oleracea)).Considering the complexity and diversity of mechanisms that contribute to salt tolerance, breeding or engineering crops adapted to saline soils has proven to be a challenging task. In addition, investment in salt tolerance mechanisms normally come with trade-offs for crop productivity, which might make salt-tolerant varieties commercially uncompetitive (Gilliham et al. 2017;Wani et al. 2020;Yamaguchi and Blumwald 2005). Several approaches have been considered to develop agriculture in saline areas (Flowers 2004; Alqahtani et al. 2019):  Improve farming practices to prevent secondary salinization  Soil remediation to reduce the salt content in soils  Incorporate new/ alternative salt-tolerant crops  Exploit natural variation and use landraces or wild relatives of existing crops that might have improved salt tolerance to improve the salt tolerance of current cropsThis thesis explores the third option mentioned above to face the challenge of salinity: introducing quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a novel, globally emerging salt tolerant crop, as an alternative to grow in areas affected by salinity where other crops are failing. P a g e | 26Quinoa is a nutritious seed crop with a great potential to grow in saline soils. Here, we studied ion concentrations in quinoa tissues throughout the life cycle of the plant, and linked ion dynamics to responses in growth parameters, seed yield and efficiency of photosynthesis under salinity (0-400 mM NaCl). Ion dynamics changed from high ion exclusion (>99 %, root contents lower than root medium and low accumulation of ions in the leaves) before flowering, to a build-up of ions during seed filling. This indicates a change in strategy in maintaining the necessary gradient of water potential from the root medium to the leaves. K⁺ concentrations in leaves also increased by more than 100 % in response to prolonged severe salt stress, which may point to a role of this ion in leaf osmotic adjustment. Accumulation of ions in epidermal bladder cells did not contribute substantially to Na⁺-exclusion as it was less than 6 % of the total Na⁺ taken up in leaves. Growth under salt stress was mostly impaired by anatomical adaptations (reduced SLA), while initial light use efficiency (Fv/Fm) and NAR were not affected. The variety Pasto showed a "survival strategy" to high salinity with higher ion exclusion and a higher reduction in transpiration than the other varieties, at the expense of lower biomass and seed yield.

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Molecular characterization of Ecuadorian quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) diversity: implications for conservation and breeding

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of world quinoa germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of world quinoa germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system

Quinoa in Ecuador: Recent Advances under Global Expansion

Salt tolerance strategies of the ancient Andean crop quinoa

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