Molecular Characterization of Diarrheagenic Bacteria Isolated from Stool of Under-five Children in Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania

Abstract

Diarrhea is a daily public health song in developing countries like Tanzania. The causative agents are theoretically known almost to everybody. However, the eradication of this killer disease for the under-fives is an enigma. This study aimed to provide update advantages of molecular diagnostic versus conventional methods as regards to acute diarrhea, and to determine bacterial causes of diarrhea among children aging five years and below in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, using multiplex PCR technique.Samples were collected from the under-fives from district hospitals in Dar Es Salaam city between June 2010 and February 2014. This included children admitted due to acute and/ or Journal of Biology and Life Science ISSN 2157-6076 2016 www.macrothink.org/jbls 72 chronic diarrhea. A total of 3600 stool samples were analyzed, of which 1800 samples were from diarrhea cases and 1800 samples from normal control cases. About 1080 (60%) of the patients recruited were aged less than 3 years and 983 (54.6%) were males. Diarrheagenic bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional stool cultures then were characterized by mPCR.Pathogenic bacteria were detected in 67.7% of the cases and in 20% of the controls. The pathogenic bacteria most strongly associated with diarrhea disease were diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (21.6% of cases, 6% of controls), Shigella spp. (16.1% of cases, 5% of controls) and Salmonellae, (10.6% of cases, 3% of controls. The pathogenic bacteria were mostly from children aging from 24 months and above.Diarrheagenic bacteria play an important role in relation to childhood diarrhea aging from two years and above. Proper diagnostic methods, prevention and control through fostering good hygiene and sanitation to water and food should be emphasized especially to oral-faecal age.

Epidemiology and risk factors for diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli carriage among children in northern Ibadan, Nigeria

“…The copyright holder for this this version posted September 27, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09. 26.22280249 doi: medRxiv preprint the role of DEC in diarrhea. They range from the earliest studies of Agbonlahor and Odugbemi (1982), 14 Antai and Anozie (1987) 15 and Agbodaze et al (1988) 16 to work done in the last three decades by Ogunsanya et al (1994), 17 Okeke et al (2000), 18 Nweze (2010), 19 Onanuga et al (2014), 20 Ifeanyi et al (2015), 21 and Odetoyin et al (2016).…”

“…17 The earliest studies used serotyping, 5,14,15,17, which is only partially predictive for a few pathogenic subtypes (notably typical EPEC), and while more recent studies did seek molecular targets, they based identification of DEC pathotypes on only one or two of such targets. 18,22,[25][26][27][28][29][30] This is sufficient for some pathotypes, such as EPEC, ETEC and EIEC, but is notably insensitive for EAEC, which available data suggest may be of significant epidemiological importance in this region, 31 and a neglected pathogen globally. 32 This study aimed to look for associations of DEC pathotypes with diarrhea in children from Ibadan southwestern Nigeria as well as to also determine the social demographic risk factors associated with each DEC pathotypes.…”

Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia

“…Identification of bacterial techniques available in most developing countries for DEC strains is a traditional bacterial culture and biochemical test that’s insufficient since those strains can’t be simply distinguishable from the normal fecal flora [ 10 ]. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has emerged as one of the leading molecular techniques to detect genes encoding virulence elements in DEC isolates and permit the rapid, precise detection of distinct pathotypes of DEC [ 11 ].…”

Non-typhoidal Salmonella contributes to gastrointestinal infections in Morogoro: Evidence from patients attending Morogoro regional referral hospital in Tanzania

“…In Tanzania, there are few reports of the occurrence of Salmonella spp. infection in both humans and animals [ 10 – 12 ] and Salmonella infection in Tanzania, concretely in Morogoro, may be higher than expected. Healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries are facing significant challenges due to antimicrobial multi-drug resistance, which is increasing rapidly due to increased global human mobility and irrational use of antimicrobials in the health and livestock sectors [ 13 ].…”