Molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis: First record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen

Alam-Eldin, Yosra Hussein; Aaty, Heba E. Abdel; Ahmed, M.A.

doi:10.1515/ap-2015-0094

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Parasitic disease is a disease that seriously endangers the development of the camel industry (18,20,22,24) and that not only impedes the growth and development of camels (14,17,19), but is also one of the important reasons for the peak in camel deaths in the spring, resulting in great economic losses (15,16,21). What is more, many zoonotic parasites (1,9,10,12,13,28) could contaminate camel milk (18) and meat, posing potential threats to food safety and the health of the majority of herders (9,21,22). The documents on camel parasitic diseases in Iran showed that 48 helminth species were detected in the digestive system (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastrointestinal parasites are one of the most common pathogens, and can not only lead to nutritional and immune inadequacy as well as stunted growth and delayed development (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)23), but also have adverse effects on the quality of camel meat and milk (18,21). These consequences of parasitical infection are potential threats to food safety and the health of the majority of herders (1,9,12,13,27,28). In recent years, with the rapid development of the Chinese camel breeding industry in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area, the number of animals has reached more than 40,000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These consequences of parasitical infection are potential threats to food safety and the health of the majority of herders (1,9,12,13,27,28). In recent years, with the rapid development of the Chinese camel breeding industry in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area, the number of animals has reached more than 40,000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionGastrointestinal parasites are some of the most common pathogens which are seriously harmful to the camel’s health. The infection status of gastrointestinal parasites in camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the species and infection intensity of gastrointestinal tract parasites in local camels.Material and MethodsA total of 362 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined for parasite eggs using the saturated saline floating and natural sedimentation method. The parasite eggs were subjected to morphological and molecular examination and identification, and the infection rate and mean intensity of the parasites were analysed.ResultsA total of 15 gastrointestinal tract parasite species’ eggs were identified, with a detection rate of 100%. Ostertagia spp. (100%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (98.1%) were dominant. Camels were often coinfected by 5–14 species. The average number of eggs per gram of faeces was higher for Ostertagia spp. (298), Haemonchus contortus (176) and Nematodirus spp. (138). The number of species of parasites infecting young camels was significantly lower than that of adult camels, but the infection intensity in young camels was significantly higher.ConclusionGastrointestinal parasites were highly prevalent in camels from the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China. This finding provides important epidemiological data for the prevention and control of associated infections in camels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…3. Global distribution of the genotypes of Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, based on molecular identification including areas of confirmed sympatry for E. ortleppi (Alam-Eldin et al, 2015;Alvarez Rojas et al, 2014;Cardona and Carmena, 2013;Carmera and Cardona, 2014;Casulli et al, 2010;Dybicz et al, 2013Dybicz et al, , 2015Farhadi et al, 2015;Guarnera et al, 2004;Hailemariam et al, 2012;Hüttner et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2013Ito et al, , 2014Jabbar et al, 2011;Jenkins et al, 2011Jenkins et al, , 2013Kędra et al, 1999Kędra et al, , 2000Konyaev et al, 2013;Lavikainen, 2005;Lavikainen et al, 2003Lavikainen et al, , 2006Lymbery et al, 2015;Mbaya et al, 2014;Mogoye et al, 2013;Moks et al, 2006;Monteiro et al, 2014;Moro et al, 2009;Nakao et al, 2007Nakao et al, , 2013bNakao et al, , 2015Oksanen and Lavikainen, 2015;Omer et al, 2010;Oudni-M'rad et al, 2016;Rinaldi et al, 2014;Rodriguez-Prado et al, 2014;Romig et al, 2015;Saarma et al, 2009;Schneider et al, 2010;Schurer et al, 2013Schurer et al, , 2014…”

Section: Pathology and Epidemiology Of Ce Highlight The Need For A DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis: Future perspectives of molecular epidemiology

et al. 2017

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Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) has been considered to be caused predominantly by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (the dog-sheep strain). Molecular approaches on CE, however, have revealed that human cases are also commonly caused by another species, Echinococcus canadensis. All indices for classification and standardization of CE pathology including available images, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment are currently based largely on a mixture of infections which include at least E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis. Involvement of other species of Echinococcus in CE including E. ortleppi or otherwise cryptic diversity demonstrated recently in Africa requires further elucidation. Molecular identification of the causative species in CE cases is essential for better understanding of pathogenesis and disease. This article stresses the importance of molecular species identification of human CE as a foundation for re-evaluation of evidence-based epidemiology.

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“…In another record G7 genotype (pig strain) was detected in two human isolates and one pig isolate in Egypt, while G1 genotype (sheep strain) was detected in one human isolate from Yemen and in no animal isolates. This was the first record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen [32] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Antigenic and genotypic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus larval isolates from Egypt

Tonsy

Fikry

Aminou

et al. 2018

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a global zoonotic infection of economic importance constituting a threat to public health in many countries. E. granulosus exists as a complex of different strains that have an impact on the epidemiology and control of CE, the most important of which are G1 and G6 strains. In Egypt, some studies confirm the predominance of G1 strain while others demonstrated the involvement of camel G6 strain in causing human infection. Objective: To study the diagnostic potential of purified antigenic yields of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) from Egyptian CE patients and DNA corresponding to different recorded genotypes, in addition to the characterization of E. granulosus genotype in human and animal isolates in Egypt. Subjects and Methods: Crude HCF antigens from 30 patients were extracted and fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed by enzyme immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) against sera from CE patients and 50 controls. HCF from human and animal isolates was obtained and prepared for DNA extraction and the amplification of the predominant genotype bands at 254 bp. Results: PCR applied to HCF protoscolices of human and camels showed a typical 254 bp band of 12S fragment of mitochondrial gene belonging to G6 genotype (camel strain). SDS-PAGE fractionation of crude HCF antigen gave a protein profile composed of 11 bands. Immunoblotting assay showed that anti-E. granulosus IgG of patients' sera recognized 9 antigenic bands, varying in molecular weight from 12-110 kDa. The 48 and 12 kDa bands detected in all patients' sera disappeared after treatment. Conclusion: This study confirmed the predominance of G6 genotype (camel strain) of cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. PCR using the amplification primers of G6 genotype is a promising tool in the diagnosis of CE using either patients' HCF or sera. The use of EITB in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow up of G6 genotype CE patients proved of high sensitivity and specificity. The recognition of 48 and 12 kDa antigenic proteins in 100% of CE cases' sera and their disappearance after treatment marks their usefulness in diagnosis and follow up of CE cases.

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Molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis: First record of G7 in Egypt and G1 in Yemen

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China

Cystic echinococcosis: Future perspectives of molecular epidemiology

Antigenic and genotypic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus larval isolates from Egypt

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