Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, reveals potentially zoonotic species and genotype

Oliveira, Amanda Gleyce Lima de; Sudré, Adriana Pittella; Bomfim, Teresa Cristina Bergamo do; Santos, Helena Lúcia Carneiro

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255087

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In dogs, Cryptosporidium oocyst antigens were detected in 8.3% of fecal samples, similar to other epidemiological surveys conducted in Brazil [49][50][51], where the occurrence of the parasite in this host ranged from below 3.0% [52][53][54][55] to above 25% [31,56,57]. Worldwide, the expected prevalence of Cryptosporidium in dogs is approximately 10% [58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Evidence of the Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium among Children and Pets

Coelho,

Gomes

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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We investigated the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium among the children (n = 188), dogs (n = 133), and cats (n = 55) living in 188 households. Fecal samples were examined using ELISA and confirmed via nested PCR. Coproantigens oocysts were detected in 3.7% of children, 8.3% of dogs, and 5.5% of cats. We found strong evidence of two cases of the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium canis between children and dogs. Furthermore, four children and their respective pets (one dog and three cats) were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, but we cannot exclude the hypotheses that the oocysts were transmitted from children to animals or that both hosts were infected by a shared source, such as contaminated water or food. The presence of an infected animal elevated the risk of zoonotic transmission by 129.7-fold (95% CI: 13.92–1209.68). Furthermore, sharing a bed with pets was identified as a risk factor for infection in children (OR: 9.9, 95% CI: 1.37–71.2). In conclusion, the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium among children and pets cohabiting in the same household may be quite common, especially when infected animals lie or sleep on children’s beds. These findings unequivocally highlight the public health concern surrounding C. canis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Evidence of the Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium among Children and Pets

Coelho,

Gomes

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…infections seen in this survey. Studies in domestic animals have reported a prevalence ranging from 6.7% to 41.6% [ 76 , 81 ], a recent study has reported a pool prevalence of 18% in Latin America [ 82 ], 20.3% in pets and 19.9% in livestock, the latter being considered so far as the main parasite reservoir [ 82 ]. In Colombia, the Cryptosporidium prevalence in livestock has been reported to be from 13 to 26.6% [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

Potes-Morales

Crespo-Ortiz

2023

PLoS ONE

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Intestinal parasitic infections have been considered a relevant public health problem due to the increased incidence worldwide. In developing countries, diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms cause impaired work capacity in adults and delayed rate growth in children. Enteric infections of unknown etiology can often lead to misdiagnosis, increased transmission, and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in a young adult population and their pets. Stool samples from 139 university students and 44 companion animals were subjected to microscopy diagnosis using wet mounts, concentration by zinc sulphate flotation and staining techniques (Kinyoun and trichrome stain). Molecular diagnosis of protozoa was also performed by conventional PCR. The mean age was 24 years, 54% individuals were female, 46% were men, and 66% had at least one pet. The overall prevalence for at least one parasite was 74.8% and the rate of polyparasitism was 37.5%. Eighty-three patients (59.7%) were positive for Blastocystis spp., followed by Cryptosporidium spp. 24.5%, Endolimax nana 13.6%, Entamoeba dispar/E. moshkovskii 7.8% and Giardia intestinalis 1.4%. Molecular diagnosis substantially improved Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp. detection and allowed to distinguish E. histolytica from commensals in the Entamoeba complex. Student’s pets were also examined for parasitism. Samples from 27 dogs, 15 cats, one rabbit and one hen were analyzed, and parasites were detected in 30 (68.2%) as follows: Cryptosporidium spp. (24) Giardia spp. (4), hookworm (3), Endolimax nana (2) and Toxoplasma gondii (1). Overall, university students showed high prevalence of parasitism and polyparasitism suggesting exposure to parasite infected animals and contaminated environments. Cryptosporidium spp. was the predominant pathogen in human and domestic animals, and it was only detected by PCR, pointing out the need for sensitive tests in diagnosis and surveillance. Control strategies to prevent the effects of parasitic infections in young population should consider pets as reservoirs and transmission source.

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“…Among the approximately 40 Cryptosporidium species, C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis, and C. felis are the most common in humans (Feng et al, 2018;de Oliveira et al, 2021). So, the potential role of domestic animals as a source of human infection with Giardia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of potentially zoonotic intestinal parasites in dogs and cats in Moscow, Russia

2023

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Summary This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis/cati, Strongyloides stercoralis, Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., which occur and are potentially zoonotic to humans in domestic dogs and cats in Moscow (Russia). The fecal flotation method and larvae detection by microscopy of a direct feces smear were performed to detect Toxocara, Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. The total parasitic prevalence in dogs was as follows: Giardia spp.: 10.2 % (226/2208), Cryptosporidium spp.: 2.7 % (60/2208), T. canis: 2 % (45/2208), S. stercoralis larvae: 1.1 % (25/2208). The younger animals under were infected more than those over 12 months of age (p<0.001). The preva lence rates were along these lines: Giardia spp. (18.2 %), Cryptosporidium spp. (5.7 %), T.canis (3 %), S. stercoralis larvae (2.3 %). The overall prevalence in cats was as follows: Giardia spp. - 5.2 % (71/1350), Cryptosporidium spp. - 4.8 % (65/1350), T. cati - 4.1 % (56/1350). Similarly to dogs, the infection rates were higher in cats under 12 months of age Giardia spp. (8.2 %), Cryptosporidium spp. (8.6 %), T. cati (7.5 %. Analysis of combined infections in dogs revealed the following combinations: Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. (35.5 %) larvae of S. stercoralis sp. and Giardia spp. (32.3 %), T.canis and Giardia spp. (22.6 %), T.canis and Cryptosporidium spp. (6.6 %), T.canis and S.stercoralis and (3.2 %), respectively. In cats, only two coinfections by Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. (58.3 %), and T.cati with Giardia spp. (41.7 %) were noticed. Further research is needed to study the spread of parasitic diseases in pet animals. The data will improve countermeasures to prevent these diseases’ spread among animals and humans.

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, reveals potentially zoonotic species and genotype

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Evidence of the Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium among Children and Pets

Evidence of the Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium among Children and Pets

Molecular diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in young adults and their pets in Colombia, South America

The prevalence of potentially zoonotic intestinal parasites in dogs and cats in Moscow, Russia

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